Surgical Treatment of Inadvertent Internal Carotid Artery Lesion by Extraintracranial High-flow Bypass. A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Internal carotid artery (ICA) injury following transsphenoidal surgery is a rare but potentially fatal complication. Usually, endovascular occlusion of the ICA or stent graft placement is the treatment of these vascular complications described in literature. We present a case of ICA perforation during transsphenoidal surgery in a patient with limited collateral cerebral blood flow and with ectasia of the ICA that rule out an endovascular treatment.

[Routine fluoroscopic investigations after primary bariatric surgery].

Background: Staple line and anastomotic leakages are life-threatening complications after bariatric surgery. Upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract X-ray examination with oral administration of a water-soluble contrast agent can be used to detect leaks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of routine upper GI tract fluoroscopy after primary bariatric surgery.

Genetic and evolutionary analyses of the human bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) in the pathophysiology of obesity.

Objective: Human bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) is essential for BMP signalling and may be involved in the regulation of adipogenesis. The BMPR2 locus has been suggested as target of recent selection in human populations. We hypothesized that BMPR2 might have a role in the pathophysiology of obesity.

Gene expression of PPARgamma and PGC-1alpha in human omental and subcutaneous adipose tissues is related to insulin resistance markers and mediates beneficial effects of physical training.

Objective: Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are reaching epidemic proportions in Western societies, and they contribute to substantial morbidity and mortality. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and PPARgamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) system plays an important role in the regulation of efficient energy utilization and oxidative phosphorylation, both of which are decreased in obesity and insulin resistance.

Design And Methods: We measured the metabolic parameters and the expression of PPARgamma and PGC-1alpha mRNA using quantitative real-time PCR in omental and subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissues in an observational study of 153 individuals as well as in SC fat and skeletal muscle in an interventional study of 60 subjects (20 each with normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance, and T2D) before and after intensive physical training for 4 weeks.

Effect of genetic variation in the human fatty acid synthase gene (FASN) on obesity and fat depot-specific mRNA expression.

Inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FASN) induces a rapid decline in fat stores in mice, suggesting a role for this enzyme in energy homeostasis. To investigate the potential role of FASN in the pathophysiology of human obesity, the FASN gene was sequenced in 48 German whites. Thirty-five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified.

Is MIB-1 proliferation index a predictor for response to neoadjuvant therapy in patients with esophageal cancer?

Background: The overall survival rate for patients with an esophageal cancer remains poor. As a consequence, preoperative chemoradiation was introduced for patients with tumor stage T >1 M0 regardless of tumor histology or localization. However, factors predicting response to this therapy pretherapeutically are largely unknown.

[Benign tumors of the esophagus and stomach].

From the tumors of the oesophagus studied, 30% were found to be benign. They occurred in a ratio of 2:1 predominantly in men with an average age of 37,1 years compared to 52,5 years in women. The symptoms were unspecific and the prognosis was quo ad sanationem very good.

[Vascular reconstruction in the aorto-iliac region. Lowered mortality with an extraperitoneal approach].

From 1962 to 1978 1938 reconstructions because of arterial occlusive disease were performed at the Department of Surgery, Städt. Klinikum Karlsruhe. Of these 297 were primary aorto-iliac reconstructions.