Precocious Puberty and GnRH Analogs: Current Treatment Practices and Perspectives among US Pediatric Endocrinologists.

Introduction: Gonadotropin releasing hormone analogs (GnRHas) are used for treatment of precocious puberty. Over the last decade, several new formulations have been approved.

Methods: The Drugs and Therapeutics Subcommittee of the Pediatric Endocrine Society (PES) undertook a review to ascertain the current treatment options, prescribing behaviors, and practices of GnRHas among pediatric endocrinologists practicing within the USA.

Stakeholder Engagement in Type 1 Diabetes Research, Quality Improvement, and Clinical Care.

The integration of stakeholder engagement (SE) in research, quality improvement (QI), and clinical care has gained significant traction. Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease that requires complex daily management and care from a multidisciplinary team across the lifespan. Inclusion of key stakeholder voices, including patients, caregivers, health care providers and community advocates, in the research process and implementation of clinical care is critical to ensure representation of perspectives that match the values and goals of the patient population.

Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the diagnosis of idiopathic central precocious puberty in pediatric females in New York City.

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic had profound effect on physical and mental health. Stress was due physical inactivity, increased screen time, social isolation, fear of illness/death, as well as relative lack of resources including healthy food and finances. These stressors may be associated with an increase in idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP).

Time, Technology, Social Support, and Cardiovascular Health of Emerging Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Emerging adults with Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) face an increased risk of cardiovascular disease; however, there are both barriers and facilitators to achieving ideal cardiovascular health in this stage of their lives.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to qualitatively explore the barriers and facilitators of achieving ideal levels of cardiovascular health in a sample of emerging adults with T1DM ages 18-26 years.

Methods: A sequential mixed-methods design was used to explore achievement of ideal cardiovascular health using the seven factors defined by the American Heart Association (smoking status, body mass index, physical activity, healthy diet, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and hemoglobin A1C [substituted for fasting blood glucose]).

Exercise and Self-Management in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review paper is to examine the most recent evidence of exercise-related self-management in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Recent Findings: This paper reviews the benefits and barriers to exercise, diabetes self-management education, the role of the healthcare provider in assessment and counseling, the use of technology, and concerns for special populations with T1D. Adults with T1D may not exercise at sufficient levels.

Cardiovascular health in emerging adults with type 1 diabetes.

Aims: Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) face increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Controlling individual cardiovascular risk factors can prevent or slow the onset of CVD. Ideal cardiovascular health is associated with a lower incidence of CVD.

Pediatric Smart Insulin Pen Use: The Next Best Thing.

In the pediatric population, insulin pump therapy, or CSII, is often considered the gold standard for intensive diabetes management. Insulin pump technology offers families and caregivers many beneficial features including a calculator for insulin dosing and the ability to review diabetes management data to provide data-driven diabetes management. However, for those who find CSII challenging or choose to use multiple daily injections (MDI) there is an option that offers similar features called the Smart Insulin Pen (SIP).

Perspectives on the role of exercise in the treatment of pediatric type 1 diabetes.

Background: Studies demonstrate that children with type 1 diabetes may not be meeting exercise recommendations. This, coupled with the lack of data on the determinants of exercise promotion in youth, may indicate a need for additional focus on exercise guidelines and promotion in youth with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: The objective of this study is to understand provider perspectives regarding exercise promotion in children with type 1 diabetes.

Use of Sitagliptin With Closed-Loop Technology to Decrease Postprandial Blood Glucose in Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Postprandial hyperglycemia poses a challenge to closed-loop systems. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, like sitagliptin, reduce postprandial glucose concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to assess sitagliptin's role in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) as an adjunct therapy in reducing postprandial blood glucose with an insulin-only closed-loop system.

Evaluating emergency preparedness and impact of a hurricane sandy in pediatric patients with diabetes.

Background: Natural disasters have always been associated with significant adverse events including medical and mental health problems. Children with chronic disease such has diabetes have also been believed to be affected to a greater extent by any natural disaster. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare emergency preparedness post-disaster and post-traumatic stress effects of Hurricane Sandy in affected and relatively unaffected populations.

Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: Reducing Admission Rates for Diabetes Ketoacidosis.

Background: Diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Reducing DKA admissions in children with T1DM requires a coordinated, comprehensive management plan. We aimed to decrease DKA admissions, 30-day readmissions, and length of stay (LOS) for DKA admissions.

Adjuvant Liraglutide and Insulin Versus Insulin Monotherapy in the Closed-Loop System in Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Open-Labeled Crossover Design Trial.

Background: The closed-loop (CL) system delivers insulin in a glucose-responsive manner and optimal postprandial glycemic control is difficult to achieve with the algorithm and insulin available. We hypothesized that adjunctive therapy with liraglutide, a once-daily glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, would be more effective in normalizing postprandial hyperglycemia versus insulin monotherapy in the CL system, in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: This was a randomized, controlled, open-label, crossover design trial comparing insulin monotherapy versus adjuvant subcutaneous liraglutide 1.