Application of Artificial Intelligence in Infant Movement Classification: A Reliability and Validity Study in Infants Who Were Full-Term and Preterm.

Objective: Preterm infants are at high risk of neuromotor disorders. Recent advances in digital technology and machine learning algorithms have enabled the tracking and recognition of anatomical key points of the human body. It remains unclear whether the proposed pose estimation model and the skeleton-based action recognition model for adult movement classification are applicable and accurate for infant motor assessment.

Five-year follow-up of a clinic-based sleep intervention for paediatric epilepsy: A randomized clinical trial.

Sleep disturbances in children with epilepsy are prevalent, and are associated with substantial adverse medical and psychosocial consequences. This study is a 5-year follow-up of a clinic-based sleep intervention study that randomized 100 toddlers and preschool-age children with epilepsy to a usual care group or a sleep intervention group. The intervention group received standard paediatric neurology care plus three education sessions during the child's routine clinic visit.

Cognitive and motor development in preterm children from 6 to 36 months of age: Trajectories, risk factors and predictability.

Background: Although numerous studies have examined the development of preterm children born very low birth weight (VLBW, birth body weight < 1500 g), variations of developmental progress within individuals have rarely been explored. The aim of this research was to examine the cognitive and motor trajectories in preterm children born VLBW at early ages and to assess the risk factors and predictability of these trajectories.

Method: Five hundred and eighty preterm infants born VLBW from three cohort studies (2003 to 2014) were prospectively assessed their mental and motor development using the Bayley Scales at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months, and cognitive, motor and behavioral outcomes using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children and the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1.

Screen Time Exposure and Altered Sleep in Young Children With Epilepsy.

Purpose: To examine the association between daily screen time exposure and both sleep patterns (sleep onset, sleep offset, and nighttime, and daily sleep durations) and sleep disturbances among a clinical sample of children with epilepsy.

Design: A cross-sectional actigraphic sleep study.

Methods: A convenience sample of 141 children with epilepsy (1.

Interaction Between Prematurity and the MAOA Gene on Mental Development in Children: A Longitudinal View.

This study aimed to examine the association of dopamine-related genes with mental and motor development and the gene-environment interaction in preterm and term children. A total of 201 preterm and 111 term children were examined for their development at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months and were genotyped for 15 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in dopamine-related genes (, and ). An independent sample of 256 preterm children was used for replication.

Sleep in mothers of children with epilepsy and its relation to their children's sleep.

We conducted a cross-sectional study to examine sleep in mothers of children with epilepsy and its relation to their children's sleep. A total of 133 dyads of mothers and children with epilepsy aged 1.5-6 years were recruited between 2015 and 2018 from a children's hospital in northern Taiwan.

Behavioral-educational sleep interventions for pediatric epilepsy: a randomized controlled trial.

Study Objectives: To evaluate the effect of a clinic-based, behavioral-educational sleep intervention on sleep of children with epilepsy, maternal knowledge about childhood sleep, and maternal sleep quality.

Methods: A total of 100 toddlers and preschool-age children with epilepsy (1.5-6 years, 55% boys) and their parents were randomized to receive sleep intervention (n = 50) or usual care with attention (n = 50).

Family-Centered Care Enhanced Neonatal Neurophysiological Function in Preterm Infants: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Family-centered intervention for preterm infants has shown short- to medium-term developmental benefits; however, the neurological effects of intervention have rarely been explored.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of a family-centered intervention program (FCIP) on neurophysiological functions in preterm infants with very low birth weight (VLBW; birth weight of < 1500 g) in Taiwan, to compare the effect of the FCIP with that of a usual-care program (UCP), and to explore the FCIP-induced changes in neurobehavioral and neurophysiological functions.

Design: This was a multicenter, single-blind randomized controlled trial.

Multidimensional Developments and Free-Play Movement Tracking in 30- to 36-Month-Old Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorder Who Were Full Term.

Background: Few studies have investigated multidimensional developments and free-play movement performance in toddlers with an early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Objective: This study compared cognitive, motor, and behavioral developments and free-play movement performance in toddlers with ASD who were full term (FT-ASD), toddlers who were full term and are typically developing (FT-TD), and toddlers who were born preterm and had a very low birth weight (VLBW-PT).

Design: This was a prospective cross-sectional study.

Postural Control and Interceptive Skills in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Background: Increasing evidence shows common motor deficits associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that can relate to impaired planning and control processes of the sensorimotor system. Catching is a fundamental motor skill that requires coordination between vision, posture, and arm movements. Although postural control and ball catching have been shown to be impaired in children with ASD, previous studies have not investigated how these components are integrated.

Neonatal respiratory status predicts longitudinal respiratory health outcomes in preterm infants.

Objectives: To examine the relationship between neonatal respiratory status and longitudinal respiratory health outcomes in preterm infants with very low birth weight (VLBW, birth weight <1500 g).

Methods: A total of 109 VLBW preterm infants were prospectively assessed for respiratory status using the Toce clinical and radiographic scoring method on a postnatal day 28, and severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) at 36-weeks postmenstrual age (PMA), respiratory morbidity within 1 year of corrected age (CA), pulmonary function test, and six-minute walk test at 4 years of age.

Results: A high Toce clinical score on day 28 was associated with the occurrence of respiratory morbidity within 1 year of CA and poor pulmonary function and functional exercise performance at 4 years of age in VLBW preterm infants (all P < 0.

Validation of the modified checklist for autism in toddlers, revised with follow-up in Taiwanese toddlers.

Background: The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/F) is a two-stage screening scale for determining the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in toddlers. However, the validity of the M-CHAT-R/F for Asian populations has not yet been established.

Aims: This study investigated the psychometric properties of the M-CHAT-R/F, Taiwan version (M-CHAT-R/F-T), among low- and high-risk Taiwanese toddlers aged 16-30 months.

Sleep and Behavior Problems in Children With Epilepsy.

We designed a cross-sectional study to examine the association between sleep and behavior problems in toddlers and preschool-age children with epilepsy. We found that 71 (78.9%) children slept less than 10 hours in a 24-hour period according to the actigraphy, with 75 (83.

Sleep in children with epilepsy: the role of maternal knowledge of childhood sleep.

Study Objectives: To examine maternal knowledge of childhood sleep and its relation to sleep quantity, quality, and variability in a clinic sample of mothers of toddlers and preschool-age children with epilepsy.

Methods: A total of 112 epileptic children wore a wrist actigraphy to objectively assess daily sleep duration and its variability across 7 days. Mothers completed the Parents' Sleep Knowledge Inventory and Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ).

Agreement Between Actigraphy and Diary-Recorded Measures of Sleep in Children With Epilepsy.

Purpose: To describe sleep patterns in young children with epilepsy and to examine levels of agreement between measurements derived from actigraphy and diary recordings.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Eighty-nine toddlers and preschool-aged children with epilepsy wore an actigraph on their wrists for 7 consecutive days.

Family-centered Care Improved Neonatal Medical and Neurobehavioral Outcomes in Preterm Infants: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Family-centered care for preterm infants in Western societies has yielded short- to medium-term benefits. However, the intervention effects have rarely been validated in Eastern societies.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine whether a family-centered intervention program (FCIP) could improve the short-term medical and neurobehavioral outcomes in preterm infants with very low birth weight (VLBW; a birth weight of <1,500 g) in Taiwan over the outcomes seen with a usual care program (UCP).

The sFlt-1/PlGF ratio as a predictor for poor pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.

Background: Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor-1 (sFlt-1)/placental growth factor (PlGF) ratio has been studied extensively as a predictive marker for pre-eclampsia. However, its usefulness for predicting neonatal outcomes remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the association of sFlt-1/PlGF ratio with pregnancy outcomes, neonatal morbidities and short-term postnatal growth patterns in pregnant women and their babies.

Gross Motor Trajectories During the First Year of Life for Preterm Infants With Very Low Birth Weight.

Background: Early identification of motor dysfunction in preterm infants with very low birth weight (VLBW) is important in order to provide early intervention.

Objective: This study was to examine the motor trajectories of preterm infants with VLBW during their first year of life and to investigate the predictive ability and influencing factors of the trajectories.

Design And Methods: A total of 342 preterm infants with VLBW were prospectively assessed for motor development by the Alberta Infant Motor Scales at 4, 6, 9, and 12 months and for developmental outcomes using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, second edition, at 24 months.

The Impacts of Cord Blood Cotinine and Glutathione-S-Transferase Gene Polymorphisms on Birth Outcome.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the association between cord blood cotinine levels and birth outcome, and to determine whether fetal metabolic gene polymorphisms of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) modulate the effect of environmental tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy.

Methods: This study included 328 maternal and neonatal pairs. Maternal and cord blood cotinine levels were measured using high performance liquid chromatography.

Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Levels in Neonates.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in preterm infants and is associated with high mortality and morbidity. New biomarkers for the early detection of AKI have been identified. Specifically, urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) is a new and powerful biomarker for AKI and sepsis.

Intervention effects on emotion regulation in preterm infants with very low birth weight: A randomize controlled trial.

Preterm infants are at risk for emotional difficulties and behavioral problems. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of a clinic-based intervention program (CBIP) and a home-based intervention program (HBIP) compared with a usual care program (UCP) on emotion regulation to stress in preterm infants with very low birth weight (VLBW, birth weight <1500 g). A total of 178 VLBW preterm infants had been previously randomly assigned to receive one of three interventions (57 in CBIP, 63 in HBIP and 58 in UCP).

Nationwide Twin Birth Weight Percentiles by Gestational Age in Taiwan.

Background: Nationwide birth weight norms for twins have been reported in several countries across different ethnicities, but such data have not been established in Taiwan. The purpose of this study was to develop reference growth charts that are population-based and contain the information of birth weight percentiles by gestational age for twin neonates in Taiwan.

Methods: In this study, we collected nationwide birth weight data for twins by sex and gestational age through the Taiwan Birth Registry.

Factors associated with treatment mode and termination among preschoolers with ADHD in Taiwan.

Objectives: This study examined the extent to which characteristics of family and health care providers predict treatment initiation, treatment mode, and treatment termination among preschool children with newly diagnosed ADHD.

Methods: A cohort of 3,583 preschoolers with ADHD was identified from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. Individual characteristics and health care records, including medication and nonmedication treatment, were documented.

Operating Room Within the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit--Experience of a Medical Center in Taiwan.

Background: Most neonates who reside in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and require surgery are transferred to the operating room (OR) or undergo bedside surgery. However, critically ill neonates who are transferred often encounter the risk of complications. An OR in our NICU was therefore launched in 2009.