Comparison between virtual reality and traditional lecture methods in educating respiratory therapy students on pediatric difficult airway diseases.

Background: Pediatric airway diseases are associated with complex challenges because of smaller and more dynamic airway structures in children. These conditions, along with specialized management by medical care staff, should be immediately and precisely recognized to prevent life-threatening obstructions and long-term respiratory complications. Recently, virtual reality (VR) has emerged as an innovative approach to clinical medical education.

Using computed tomography to evaluate anatomic landmarks in Taiwanese trauma patients for insertion of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Hemorrhage, particularly from noncompressible torso hemorrhage (NCTH) in the abdominopelvic region, is a leading cause of preventable trauma deaths. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA), designed for aortic occlusion, has emerged as a tool for temporary hemorrhage control in recent years. However, attaining optimal REBOA placement in diverse demographic groups, such as Asian populations, may pose challenges owing to unique anatomical and physiological differences.

Multicenter, multivendor validation of liver quantitative susceptibility mapping in patients with iron overload at 1.5 T and 3 T.

Purpose: To evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of QSM of the liver via single breath-hold chemical shift-encoded MRI at both 1.5 T and 3 T in a multicenter, multivendor study in subjects with iron overload.

Methods: This prospective study included four academic medical centers with three different MRI vendors at 1.

Benefits and Risks of Preprepared Parenteral Nutrition for Early Amino Acid Administration in Premature Infants with Very Low Birth Weight.

Purpose: Administering early parenteral amino acids to very low birth weight (VLBW) premature infants (birth body weight [BBW]<1,500 g) is challenging due to factors such as holidays, cost, and access to sterile compounding facilities. Using advance-prepared parenteral nutrition (PN) may address this issue and should be evaluated for its safety and potential benefits.

Methods: We extracted data from medical records collected between July 2015 and August 2019.

Leveraging Data Locality in Quantum Convolutional Classifiers.

Quantum computing (QC) has opened the door to advancements in machine learning (ML) tasks that are currently implemented in the classical domain. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are classical ML architectures that exploit data locality and possess a simpler structure than a fully connected multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) without compromising the accuracy of classification. However, the concept of preserving data locality is usually overlooked in the existing quantum counterparts of CNNs, particularly for extracting multifeatures in multidimensional data.

The impact of premature rupture of membrane on neonatal outcomes in infants born at 34 weeks gestation or later.

Background: Premature rupture of membranes (PROMs) is a known risk for adverse neonatal outcomes, often leading to neonatal hospitalization due to suspected perinatal infection or other issues. This study assesses PROM's clinical impact on neonatal outcomes in infants born at 34 weeks of gestation or later.

Methods: We studied hospitalized neonates born between December 2018 and November 2019, with gestational ages of 34 weeks or more and PROM diagnosis.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis: NACHO update on progress, chaos, and opportunity on the path to rational cures.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a myeloid neoplastic disorder characterized by lesions with CD1a-positive/Langerin (CD207)-positive histiocytes and inflammatory infiltrate that can cause local tissue damage and systemic inflammation. Clinical presentations range from single lesions with minimal impact to life-threatening disseminated disease. Therapy for systemic LCH has been established through serial trials empirically testing different chemotherapy agents and durations of therapy.

Practical Application of Multivendor MRI-Based R2* Mapping for Liver Iron Quantification at 1.5 T and 3.0 T.

Background: Recent multicenter, multivendor MRI-based R2* vs. liver iron concentration (LIC) calibrations (i.e.

Contemporary fluid management, humidity, and patent ductus arteriosus management strategy for premature infants among 336 hospitals in Asia.

Objectives: The management of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a critical concern in premature infants, and different hospitals may have varying treatment policies, fluid management strategies, and incubator humidity. The Asian Neonatal Network Collaboration (AsianNeo) collected data on prematurity care details from hospitals across Asian countries. The aim of this study was to provide a survey of the current practices in the management of PDA in premature infants in Asian countries.

Acute pulmonary injury in hematology patients supported with pathogen-reduced and conventional platelet components.

Patients treated with antineoplastic therapy often develop thrombocytopenia requiring platelet transfusion, which has potential to exacerbate pulmonary injury. This study tested the hypothesis that amotosalen-UVA pathogen-reduced platelet components (PRPCs) do not potentiate pulmonary dysfunction compared with conventional platelet components (CPCs). A prospective, multicenter, open-label, sequential cohort study evaluated the incidence of treatment-emergent assisted mechanical ventilation initiated for pulmonary dysfunction (TEAMV-PD).

Identification of potential source regions and long-range transport routes/channels of marine PM at remote sites in East Asia.

Long-range transport (LRT) of air masses in East Asia and their impacts on marine PM were explored. Situated in the leeward region of East Asia, Taiwan Island marked by its elevated Central Mountain Range (CMR) separates air masses into two distinct air currents. This study aims to investigate the transport of PM from the north to the leeward region.

Nonbronchoscopic Bronchoalveolar Lavage Improves Respiratory Culture Accuracy in Critically Ill Patients.

Objectives: Diagnosis of pneumonia is challenging in critically ill, intubated patients due to limited diagnostic modalities. Endotracheal aspirate (EA) cultures are standard of care in many ICUs; however, frequent EA contamination leads to unnecessary antibiotic use. Nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (NBBL) obtains sterile, alveolar cultures, avoiding contamination.

Weight growth velocity and growth outcomes in very-low-birth-weight infants developing major morbidities.

Background: Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) is common in very-low-birth-weight-infants and may be associated with poor neurodevelopment. The growth velocity of preterm infants is increasing over decades, but the relationship between growth velocity, EUGR, and morbidities of preterm infants remains unknown.

Methods: A total of 263 infants born between 2012 and 2020, with birthweight <1500 g and gestational age of 24-33 weeks, were included.

Generalized Quantum Convolution for Multidimensional Data.

The convolution operation plays a vital role in a wide range of critical algorithms across various domains, such as digital image processing, convolutional neural networks, and quantum machine learning. In existing implementations, particularly in quantum neural networks, convolution operations are usually approximated by the application of filters with data strides that are equal to the filter window sizes. One challenge with these implementations is preserving the spatial and temporal localities of the input features, specifically for data with higher dimensions.

Echocardiographic function evaluation in adolescents following BNT162b2 Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccination: A preliminary prospective study.

Background: Vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is crucial for preventing and minimizing illness. Myocarditis and pericarditis after messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccination in adolescents and young adult males have been reported. Most of the studies in this area rely on retrospective symptom reporting, especially for adolescents experiencing myocarditis as a potential side effect.

In-school adolescents' perception of sexuality education in region 1 of the Gambia.

Unmet sexual education needs of adolescents due to socio-cultural challenges have been ignored in different societies. This study investigated students' perception on the sexual education they received at school level, and what they really preferred and needed. In this qualitative study, five focus group discussions with 50 adolescents and 10 individual in-depth interviews were conducted among respondents aged 15-19 in both public and private schools in region 1, The Gambia.

A multiscale predictive digital twin for neurocardiac modulation.

Cardiac function is tightly regulated by the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Activation of the sympathetic nervous system increases cardiac output by increasing heart rate and stroke volume, while parasympathetic nerve stimulation instantly slows heart rate. Importantly, imbalance in autonomic control of the heart has been implicated in the development of arrhythmias and heart failure.