MYO7A is required for the functional integrity of the mechanoelectrical transduction complex in hair cells of the adult cochlea.

Myosin-VIIA (MYO7A) is an unconventional myosin responsible for syndromic (Usher 1B) or nonsyndromic forms of deafness in humans when mutated. In the cochlea, MYO7A is expressed in hair cells, where it is believed to act as the motor protein tensioning the mechanoelectrical transducer (MET) channels, thus setting their resting open probability (). However, direct evidence for this unique role for an unconventional myosin in mature hair cells is lacking.

Inducing phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandins' production of human dental pulp cells by activation of NOD receptor and its downstream signaling.

Dental caries with invasion and infection by microorganisms may induce pulpitis and intolerable pain. L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-mDAP (TriDAP) is a DAP-comprising muramyl tripeptide and a peptidoglycan degradation product found in gram-negative pulpal pathogens. TriDAP activates nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain1/2 (NOD1/NOD2) and induces tissue inflammatory responses.

In vivo AAV9-Myo7a gene rescue restores hearing and cholinergic efferent innervation in inner hair cells.

In the mammalian cochlea, sensory hair cells are crucial for the transduction of acoustic stimuli into electrical signals, which are then relayed to the central auditory pathway via spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) afferent dendrites. The SGN output is directly modulated by inhibitory cholinergic axodendritic synapses from the efferent fibers originating in the superior olivary complex. When the adult cochlea is subjected to noxious stimuli or aging, the efferent system undergoes major rewiring, such that it reestablishes direct axosomatic contacts with the inner hair cells (IHCs), which occur only transiently during prehearing stages of development.

War at Sea: Burn Care Challenges-Past, Present and Future.

Throughout history, seafarers have been exposed to potential thermal injuries during naval warfare; however, injury prevention, including advances in personal protective equipment, has saved lives. Thankfully, burn injuries have decreased over time, which has resulted in a significant clinical skills gap. Ships with only Role 1 (no surgical capability) assets have worse outcomes after burn injury compared to those with Role 2 (surgical capability) assets.

An analysis of the relevance and proximity between maxillary posterior root apices to the maxillary sinus and the buccal cortical bone plate.

Background/purpose: Understanding the relationship between maxillary sinus and posterior root apices is critical in preventing dental treatment complications. This study aimed to analyze and showcase the relationship between the posterior root apices and the maxillary sinus floor, the distance to the buccal cortical bone, and their correlation with age, gender, and sides.

Materials And Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography images were collected from 94 patients with a total of 478 maxillary posterior teeth and 997 roots.

The upregulation of K and HCN channels in developing spiral ganglion neurons is mediated by cochlear inner hair cells.

Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are primary sensory afferent neurons that relay acoustic information from the cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs) to the brainstem. The response properties of different SGNs diverge to represent a wide range of sound intensities in an action-potential code. This biophysical heterogeneity is established during pre-hearing stages of development, a time when IHCs fire spontaneous Ca action potentials that drive glutamate release from their ribbon synapses onto the SGN terminals.

Association between high-density lipoprotein and functional outcome of ischemic stroke patients in a Taiwanese population.

Despite recent findings indicating a paradoxical association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, the impact of HDL-C on subsequent outcomes after ischemic stroke remains unclear. The study aims to investigate the relationships between HDL-C levels and post-stroke functional outcomes while examining the potential modifying influence of HDL-C-related single nucleotide polymorphisms identified through genome-wide association studies. This cohort study included 1,310 patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), all of whom had their admission serum lipid profile and genotyping information.

Very early neurological deterioration during intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Background: Neurological deterioration within 24 h after intravenous thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is associated with poor outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This study aimed to elucidate the features of neurological deterioration specifically during tPA infusion in these patients.

Methods: We analyzed patients with AIS receiving thrombolysis between January 2018 and December 2021.

Ultrasonographic Predictors for Post-operative Ischemic Events After Indirect Revascularization Surgeries in Patients with Moyamoya Disease.

Objective: Recurrent stroke after revascularization surgeries predicts poor outcome in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD). Early identification of patients with stroke risk paves the way for rescue intervention. This study aimed to investigate the role of ultrasound in identifying patients at risk of post-operative ischemic events (PIEs).

Additive Manufacturing-Enabled Advanced Design and Process Strategies for Multi-Functional Lattice Structures.

The properties of each lattice structure are a function of four basic lattice factors, namely the morphology of the unit cell, its tessellation, relative density, and the material properties. The recent advancements in additive manufacturing (AM) have facilitated the easy manipulation of these factors to obtain desired functionalities. This review attempts to expound on several such strategies to manipulate these lattice factors.

Interplay between diabetes mellitus and periodontal/pulpal-periapical diseases.

This longevity of life expectancy has indirectly led to an increase in the number of chronic diseases such as periodontitis, apical periodontitis (AP), and diabetes mellitus (DM) in the aging society, thus affecting people's quality of life. There is an interaction between periodontitis/AP and DM with a two-way relationship. Although type 1 and 2 diabetes (T1DM, T2DM) have different etiologies, glycemic control may affect the infection, inflammation and tissue healing of periodontitis and AP.

Development of Carbon Black Coating on TPU Elastic Powder for Selective Laser Sintering.

Increased usage of selective laser sintering (SLS) for the production of end-use functional components has generated a requirement of developing new materials and process improvements to improve the applicability of this technique. This article discusses a novel process wherein carbon black was applied to the surface of TPU powder to reduce the laser reflectivity during the SLS process. The printing was carried out with a preheating temperature of 75 °C, laser energy density of 0.

Pediatric trauma patients with isolated grade III blunt splenic injuries may be safely managed without intensive care unit admission.

Background: Non-operative management is the standard of care for pediatric blunt splenic injury. The American Pediatric Surgical Association recommends intensive care unit monitoring only for grade IV/V blunt splenic injury; however, variation remains regarding this practice. We hypothesized that pediatric trauma patients with near-isolated grade III blunt splenic injuries admitted to a non-intensive care unit setting would have similar outcomes to those admitted to the intensive care unit.

Associations of diabetes status and glucose measures with outcomes after endovascular therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke: an analysis of the nationwide TREAT-AIS registry.

Background: Hyperglycemia affects the outcomes of endovascular therapy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This study compares the predictive ability of diabetes status and glucose measures on EVT outcomes using nationwide registry data.

Methods: The study included 1,097 AIS patients who underwent EVT from the Taiwan Registry of Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke.