Clinical Application and Further Development of Augmented Reality Guidance for the Surgical Localization of Pediatric Chest Wall Tumors.

Background: Surgical treatment of pediatric chest wall tumors requires accurate surgical planning and tumor localization to achieve radical resections while sparing as much healthy tissue as possible. Augmented Reality (AR) could facilitate surgical decision making by improving anatomical understanding and intraoperative tumor localization. We present our clinical experience with the use of an AR system for intraoperative tumor localization during chest wall resections.

Longitudinal Three-Dimensional Follow-Up and Secondary Treatment Aspects after Endoscopic and Open Scaphocephaly Surgery.

Background: This retrospective cohort study evaluated the longitudinal three-dimensional cranial shape developments and the secondary treatment aspects after endoscopically assisted craniosynostosis surgery (EACS) with helmet therapy and open cranial vault reconstruction (OCVR) for scaphocephaly.

Methods: Longitudinally collected three-dimensional photographs from scaphocephaly patients and healthy infants were evaluated. Three-dimensional cranial shape measurements and growth maps were compared between the groups over time.

Fully automatic brain tumor segmentation for 3D evaluation in augmented reality.

Objective: For currently available augmented reality workflows, 3D models need to be created with manual or semiautomatic segmentation, which is a time-consuming process. The authors created an automatic segmentation algorithm that generates 3D models of skin, brain, ventricles, and contrast-enhancing tumor from a single T1-weighted MR sequence and embedded this model into an automatic workflow for 3D evaluation of anatomical structures with augmented reality in a cloud environment. In this study, the authors validate the accuracy and efficiency of this automatic segmentation algorithm for brain tumors and compared it with a manually segmented ground truth set.

Holographic Augmented Reality for DIEP Flap Harvest.

Background: During a deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap harvest, the identification and localization of the epigastric arteries and its perforators are crucial. Holographic augmented reality is an innovative technique that can be used to visualize this patient-specific anatomy extracted from a computed tomographic scan directly on the patient. This study describes an innovative workflow to achieve this.

Three-dimensional facial volume analysis using algorithm-based personalized aesthetic templates.

Three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry is commonly used to assess volumetric changes after facial procedures. A lack of clear landmarks in aesthetic regions complicates the reproduction of selected areas in sequential images. A three-dimensional volumetric analysis was developed based on a personalized aesthetic template.

Three-dimensional facial development of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate during the first year of life in comparison with normative average faces.

Background: Stereophotogrammetry can be used to study facial morphology in both healthy individuals as well as subjects with orofacial clefts because it shows good reliability, ability to capture images rapidly, archival capabilities, and high resolution, and does not require ionizing radiation. This study aimed to compare the three-dimensional (3D) facial morphology of infants born with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) with an age-matched normative 3D average face before and after primary closure of the lip and soft palate.

Methods: Thirty infants with a non-syndromic complete unilateral cleft lip, alveolus, and palate participated in the study.

Uniform 3D meshes to establish normative facial averages of healthy infants during the first year of life.

Three-dimensional (3D) surface imaging systems are replacing direct anthropometry as the preferred method for capturing facial soft-tissues. Aims of this study were: (1) to develop normative average 3D faces of healthy infants aged 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and (2) to describe normative average 3D facial growth data in infants aged 3 to 12 months. Three-dimensional images of 50 healthy children were acquired at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age using the 3dMDcranial system.

Toward Holographic-Guided Surgery.

The implementation of augmented reality (AR) in image-guided surgery (IGS) can improve surgical interventions by presenting the image data directly on the patient at the correct position and in the actual orientation. This approach can resolve the switching focus problem, which occurs in conventional IGS systems when the surgeon has to look away from the operation field to consult the image data on a 2-dimensional screen. The Microsoft HoloLens, a head-mounted AR display, was combined with an optical navigation system to create an AR-based IGS system.

Bone-borne surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion: A retrospective three-dimensional evaluation of the asymmetry in expansion.

Purpose: Asymmetrical expansion occurs in patients treated with Surgically Assisted Rapid Maxillary Expansion (SARME). In the clinical setting, this asymmetrical expansion is seen in multiple directions. However, the frequency, actual directions and amount of asymmetry are unclear.

Endoscopically assisted craniosynostosis surgery (EACS): The craniofacial team Nijmegen experience.

Introduction: An evaluation of our first 111 consecutive cases of non-syndromic endoscopically assisted craniosynostosis surgery (EACS) followed by helmet therapy.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of a prospective registration database was performed. Age, duration of surgery, length of hospital stay, blood loss, transfusion rate, cephalic index and duration of helmet therapy were evaluated.