- Long-duration spaceflight (LDSF) poses specific health risks, notably Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS), linked to changes in fluid dynamics and increased pressure in the brain due to microgravity.
- SANS is unique to space environments, as there is no equivalent condition on Earth, although some studies attempt to simulate space conditions through bed rest and head-down tilting.
- Proposed solutions to combat SANS include using thigh cuffs for blood flow regulation and devices like the impedance threshold device (ITD) to help reduce intracranial pressure.