Genetic analysis and plasmid-mediated bla in Salmonella and Shigella and the Ceftriaxone Susceptibility regulated by the ISEcp-1 tnpA-bla-blc-sugE.

Background: Nontyphoid Salmonella and Shigella can cause gastroenteritis in humans. Ceftriaxone (CRO) has been used to treat their infection, however, development of CRO resistance are often associated with plasmid-mediated bla Here, we investigated the presence of plasmid-mediated ISEcp-1 tnpA-bla-blc-sugE and the role of these genes in regulation of CRO susceptibility in different hosts.

Methods: 194 strains of Salmonella serovars and Shigella were tested for CRO susceptibility.

Antimicrobial consumption and resistance in five Gram-negative bacterial species in a hospital from 2003 to 2011.

Background: The misuse of antimicrobial agents increases drug resistance in bacteria.

Methods: The correlation between antimicrobial agent consumption and related resistance in the Gram-negative bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis was analyzed during the period 2003-2011.

Results: Among these five bacteria, overall E.