Interocular retinal asymmetry and cognitive frailty: A prospective cohort study.

Introduction: The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) or ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) is associated with cognitive impairment. However, the relationship between retinal asymmetry and cognitive frailty (CF) remains unknown.

Methods: Two hundred twenty-two community-dwelling older adults were assessed starting in 2015 and underwent biennial cognitive and frailty evaluations until 2022.

Cohort profile: the Taiwan Initiative for Geriatric Epidemiological Research - a prospective cohort study on cognition.

The Taiwan Initiative for Geriatric Epidemiological Research (TIGER) was founded in 2011 to elucidate the interrelationships among various predictors of global and domain-specific cognitive impairment, with the aim of identifying older adults with an increased risk of dementia in the preclinical phase. TIGER, a population-based prospective cohort, recruited 605 and 629 (total of 1,234) older adults (aged 65 and above) at baseline (2011-2013 and 2019-2022) of phase I and II, respectively. Participants have undergone structured questionnaires, global and domain-specific cognitive assessments, physical exams, and biological specimen collections at baseline and biennial follow-ups to date.

Association between oral health and cognitive impairment in older adults: Insights from a Six-year prospective cohort study.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationships between four baseline oral conditions (periodontal status, dental caries, tooth wear, and dentition) and repeated global cognition or domain-specific cognition (memory, executive function, attention, and verbal fluency) in non-demented older adults over time.

Methods: This prospective cohort study (2011-2019) enrolled 516 non-demented community-dwelling older adults (age ≥ 65) to explore the association between oral health and cognitive function. Global and domain-specific cognition were assessed biennially (four repeats) using a battery of neuropsychological tests.

Coffee and tea consumption and dementia risk: The role of sex and vascular comorbidities.

Background: Coffee and tea consumption has been linked to dementia. However, it remained unknown how sex and vascular risk factors modify the association. We aimed to investigate the association of coffee and tea consumption with dementia and whether sex and vascular comorbidities modified the association.

Handgrip strength asymmetry and cognitive impairment risk: Insights from a seven-year prospective cohort study.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the links of handgrip strength and asymmetry with cognitive impairment.

Design: This was a seven-year prospective cohort study.

Setting And Participants: We used data from wave 3 (2015-2017) to wave 5 (2019-2022) from the ongoing Taiwan Initiative of Geriatric Epidemiological Research (TIGER), with wave 3 as the baseline (n = 446).

Association Between Olfactory Dysfunction and Cognitive Impairment in Dementia-Free Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study in Taiwan.

Background: Previous studies assessing olfactory function and cognition have mostly been cross-sectional, and few have investigated the Asian geriatric population.

Objective: To examine the relationships of olfaction with global or domain-specific cognitive function in Taiwanese community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: This cohort study (2015-2019) is part of the Taiwan Initiative for Geriatric Epidemiological Research.

Prediction of adverse health outcomes using an electronic frailty index among nonfrail and prefrail community elders.

Background: Early recognition of older people at risk of undesirable clinical outcomes is vital in preventing future disabling conditions. Here, we report the prognostic performance of an electronic frailty index (eFI) in comparison with traditional tools among nonfrail and prefrail community-dwelling older adults. The study is to investigate the predictive utility of a deficit-accumulation eFI in community elders without overt frailty.

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is Associated With Decreased Bone Mineral Density in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on bone mineral density (BMD) and the risk of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture in adults. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus for observational studies published from inception to January 2023 that reported adjusted effect sizes of NAFLD on BMD, osteopenia/osteoporosis, and osteoporotic fracture. The data were synthesized using multilevel and random-effects models.

Longitudinal trajectories of dietary quality and cognitive performance in older adults: Results from a 6-year cohort study.

Background: Diet affects cognitive performance, but most previous studies only assessed diet once. Trajectory analysis of diet measured at multiple timepoints can identify subpopulations requiring more interventional efforts. We thus assessed associations between dietary trajectories and cognitive performance in older adults.

The association between retinal vascular fractal dimension and cognitive function in the community-dwelling older adults cohort TIGER.

Background/purpose: The small retinal vessels reflect cerebral microcirculation and its fractal dimension (D), representing the complexity of the retinal microcirculation. However, the connection between retinal circulation and cognitive function lacked consistent and longitudinal evidence. This study aimed to explore the association between retinal vascular complexity and cognitive impairment over time in non-demented community-dwelling older adults.

Multimorbid Patterns and Cognitive Performance in the Presence of Informative Dropout Among Community-Dwelling Taiwanese Older Adults.

Background And Objectives: Longitudinal studies among older adults often feature elevated dropout rates and multiple chronic conditions. How Taiwanese multimorbid patterns relate to different cognitive domains remains unclear. This study aims to identify sex-specific multimorbid patterns and associate them with cognitive performance while modeling the risk for dropout.

Multimorbidity and prior falls correlate with risk of 30-day hospital readmission in aged 80+: A prospective cohort study.

Background/purpose: Thirty-day hospital readmission rate significantly raised with advanced age. The performance of existing predictive models for readmission risk remained uncertain in the oldest population. We aimed to examine the effect of geriatric conditions and multimorbidity on readmission risk among older adults aged 80 and over.

Association of subclinical depressive symptoms and sleep with cognition in the community-dwelling older adults.

Background: /Purpose: This study aimed to explore the association of subclinical depressive symptoms and sleep with cognition in community-dwelling Taiwanese older adults.

Methods: This four-year prospective cohort study (2015-2019) included 379 participants aged 65 years or older from the annual senior health checkup program at National Taiwan University Hospital who were followed up two years later. Global and domain cognitive functions were assessed using validated neuropsychological tests.

Effect of indoor air quality on the association of long-term exposure to low-level air pollutants with cognition in older adults.

Background: How indoor air quality affects the temporal associations of long-term exposure to low-level air pollutants with cognition remains unclear.

Methods: This cohort study (2011-2019) included 517 non-demented older adults at baseline with four repeated cognitive assessments. The time-varying exposure to PM, PM, NO, SO, CO, and O was estimated for each participant from 1994 to 2019.

Grip Strength and Sarcopenia Predict 2-Year Cognitive Impairment in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Objectives: Using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS2019) and the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) criteria, this study examined associations of sarcopenia and its components with specific domains of cognitive impairment over time.

Design: A prospective cohort study with a 2-year follow-up.

Setting And Participants: This study is part of the Taiwan Initiatives for Geriatric Epidemiological Research (TIGER), which recruited participants aged 65 years old who attended the senior health checkup program at National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH).

Validation of clinical frailty scale in Chinese translation.

Background: Identification of frailty is crucial to guide patient care for the elderly. The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is a reliable, synthesis and clinical judgment-based tool. However, a validated Chinese version of CFS (CFS-C) is lacking.

Caregiver Burden and Dementia: A Systematic Review of Self-Report Instruments.

Background: As the demand for dementia care grows rapidly worldwide, heavy "caregiver burden" has been associated with stress and depression. Even so, standard metrics for interdisciplinary research of caregiver burden are limited.

Objective: The objective of the present review is to recommend valid, reliable, and comprehensive self-report instruments of caregiver burden.

The association between metabolic syndrome and successful aging- using an extended definition of successful aging.

Objectives: To examine the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and successful aging among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: Adults aged ≥ 65 years who participated in the senior health checkup program at National Taiwan University Hospital during 2011-2013 were recruited (N = 467 at baseline). The participants were followed after 4 years and 6 years.

A Longitudinal Study on the Association of Interrelated Factors Among Frailty Dimensions, Cognitive Domains, Cognitive Frailty, and All-Cause Mortality.

Background: Cognitive frailty integrating impaired cognitive domains and frailty dimensions has not been explored.

Objective: This study aimed to explore 1) associations among frailty dimensions and cognitive domains over time and 2) the extended definitions of cognitive frailty for predicting all-cause mortality.

Methods: This four-year cohort study recruited 521 older adults at baseline (2011-2013).

Restoration of dysnatremia and acute kidney injury benefits outcomes of acute geriatric inpatients.

Dysnatremia and dyskalemia are common problems in acutely hospitalized elderly patients. These disorders are associated with an increased risk of mortality and functional complications that often occur concomitantly with acute kidney injury in addition to multiple comorbidities. In a single-center prospective observational study, we recruited 401 acute geriatric inpatients.

Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollutants and Cognitive Function in Taiwanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Four-Year Cohort Study.

Background: Previous studies have assessed limited cognitive domains with relatively short exposure to air pollutants, and studies in Asia are limited.

Objective: This study aims to explore the association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and cognition in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: This four-year prospective cohort study recruited 605 older adults at baseline (2011-2013) and 360 participants remained at four-year follow-up.

Impacts of Kidney Dysfunction and Cerebral Cortical Thinning on Cognitive Change in Elderly Population.

Background: Cerebral cortical thickness is a neuroimaging biomarker to predict cognitive decline, and kidney dysfunction (KD) is associated with cortical thinning.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of KD and cortical thinning on cognitive change in a prospective cohort study.

Methods: A total of 244 non-demented participants were recruited from elderly health checkup program and received cognitive exams including Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and different cognitive domains at baseline and three biannual follow-ups afterwards.