The Optimal Dosage and Duration of Metformin for Prevention and Treatment of Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Weight gain and metabolic complications are substantial adverse effects associated with second-generation antipsychotics. However, comprehensive guidelines for managing antipsychotic-induced weight gain are lacking.

Methods: This review included all double-blind, placebo-controlled studies investigating metformin's effectiveness in addressing antipsychotic-related weight gain.

Effect of drug interactions with non-vitamin-K oral anticoagulants on thromboembolic events in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.

Introduction: Few real-world studies have investigated drug-drug interactions (DDIs) involving non-vitamin-K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). The interactions encompass drugs inducing or inhibiting cytochrome P450 3A4 and permeability glycoprotein. These agents potentially modulate the breakdown and elimination of NOACs.

The effects of incretin-based therapies on weight reduction and metabolic parameters in children with obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Growing evidence indicates that incretin-based therapies (IBTs), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is) are effective and safe for treating pediatric obesity patients with or without type 2 diabetes. Therefore, we aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis for updating current evidence.

Methods: We searched the PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and the EMBASE database for articles published until September 15, 2023, and limited to randomized control trials.

Bisphosphonate Use Is Not Associated With Tuberculosis Risk Among Patients With Osteoporosis: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Bisphosphonates are considered an effective inhibitor of glutamine synthetase and thus can be used for treating tuberculosis (TB). However, its clinical benefit in TB remains unknown. We conducted a population-based cohort study by using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database and TB databases of the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control.

Methylglyoxal Levels in Human Colorectal Precancer and Cancer: Analysis of Tumor and Peritumor Tissue.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and its incidence is increasing; therefore, an understanding of its oncogenic mechanisms is critical for improving its treatment and management. Methylglyoxal (MGO) has a highly reactive aldehyde group and has been suggested to play a role in oncogenesis. However, no standardized data are currently available on MGO levels in colorectal precancerous and cancerous lesions.

The Ginsenoside Rg Rescues Mitochondrial Disorders in Aristolochic Acid-Induced Nephropathic Mice.

Chronic exposure to aristolochic acid (AA) leads to renal interstitial fibrosis and nephropathy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the renoprotective effects of extract (GE) and ginsenoside saponin (GS) on AA-induced nephropathy (AAN) in mice. Eighty female C3H/He mice were randomly divided into eight groups, including normal; AA (3 μg/mL for 56 days); AA with GE (125, 250, or 500 mg/kg/d for 14 days); and AA with important GE ingredients, Rg, Rb, or Rd (5 mg/kg/d for 14 days).

Effects of various statins on depressive symptoms: A network meta-analysis.

Background: Previous studies have indicated that statins can reduce the severity of depressive symptoms. However, the optimal choice of statin remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a network meta-analysis to determine the optimal statin for treating depression.

Evaluation of the nephrotoxicity and safety of low-dose aristolochic acid, extending to the use of Xixin (Asurum), by determination of methylglyoxal and d-lactate.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Most Aristolochiaceae plants are prohibited due to aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN), except Xixin (Asarum spp.). Xixin contains trace amounts of aristolochic acid (AA) and is widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Development of a selective three-dimensional HPLC system for enantiomer discriminated analysis of lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate in human plasma and urine.

For the enantiomer discriminated determination of lactate (LA) and 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) in various complicated samples, a three-dimensional HPLC (3D-HPLC) system has been designed and developed by investigating the separation of the target analytes from unknown substances observed in the real target matrices. LA and 3HB were pre-column derivatized with 4-nitro-7-piperazino-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole for the sensitive fluorescence detection and introduced into the 3D-HPLC system composed of reversed-phase, mixed-mode and enantioselective separations. The present method was validated by calibration curves, precision and accuracy using standard solutions and human samples, and sufficient values were obtained.

Statin use and depression risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Evidence regarding whether statin use is associated with depression is inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate this association.

Methods: We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and the EMBASE database, limiting the search to human patients and articles written in English and published by March 31, 2020.

Utilizing methylglyoxal and D-lactate in urine to evaluate saikosaponin C treatment in mice with accelerated nephrotoxic serum nephritis.

The relationship between methylglyoxal (MGO) and D-lactate during saikosaponin C (SSC) treatment of mice with accelerated nephrotoxic serum (NTS) nephritis was investigated. NTS nephritis was induced by administration of anti-basement membrane antibodies to C57BL/6 mice and three dosages of SSC were administered for 14 days. Proteinuria, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, renal histology, urinary MGO and d-lactate changes were examined.

Methylglyoxal and D-lactate in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury: Investigation of the potential mechanism via fluorogenic derivatization liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (FD-LC-MS/MS) proteomic analysis.

Nephrotoxicity severely limits the chemotherapeutic efficacy of cisplatin (CDDP). Oxidative stress is associated with CDDP-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Methylglyoxal (MG) forms advanced glycation end products that elevate oxidative stress.

Determination of temporal changes in serum and urinary lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate enantiomers in mice with nephrotoxic serum nephritis by multi-dimensional HPLC.

Nephrotoxic serum (NTS) nephritis occurs in three stages: inflammation, early kidney damage, and severe kidney damage. We quantified the temporal changes in the enantiomers of lactate (LA) and 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) in serum and urine during the progression of autoimmune kidney damage in mice with NTS nephritis. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional HPLC were used to quantify the enantiomers.

A novel preventive mechanism of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity by atorvastatin.

Atorvastatin (ATO) inhibits the synthesis of nonsteroidal isoprenoid compounds and possesses a pleiotropic effect. However, the detailed mechanism of ATO in preventing gentamicin (GM)-induced renal injury remains obscure. Although underlying multifaceted mechanisms involving GM-induced nephrotoxicity were well known, further work on elucidating the essential mechanism was needed.

Metabolic profiling of metformin treatment for low-level Pb-induced nephrotoxicity in rat urine.

Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide problem, and Pb contamination is a potential risk factor. Since current biomarkers are not sensitive for the diagnosis of Pb-induced nephrotoxicity, novel biomarkers are needed. Metformin has both hypoglycaemic effects and reno-protection ability.

Enantioselective and simultaneous determination of lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate in human plasma and urine using a narrow-bore online two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography system.

For the enantioselective and simultaneous analysis of lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate, a validated online two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography system using 4-nitro-7-piperazino-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole as a fluorescent derivatization reagent has been developed. For the reversed-phase separation in the first dimension, a Capcell Pak C18 ACR column (1.5 × 250 mm, particle size 3 μm) was used, and the target fractions were isolated by their hydrophobicity.

Corrigendum to "Chitosan Prevents Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity via a Carbonyl Stress-Dependent Pathway".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2015/675714.].

Proteomics analysis of altered proteins in kidney of mice with aristolochic acid nephropathy using the fluorogenic derivatization-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method.

Aristolochic acid (AA) causes interstitial renal fibrosis, called aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN). There is no specific indicator for diagnosing AAN, so this study aimed to investigate the biomarkers for AAN using a proteomics method. The C3H/He female mice were given ad libitum AA-distilled water (0.

Elevated levels of liver methylglyoxal and d-lactate in early-stage hepatitis in rats.

Methylglyoxal (MGO) is highly cytotoxic and its levels are elevated in diabetes, nephropathy and atherosclerosis. However, it has never been studied in liver disease. For this reason, we aimed to assess the levels of MGO and its metabolite d-lactate in an early hepatitis model.

Accumulation of methylglyoxal and d-lactate in Pb-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Lead (Pb) is an environmental pollutant associated with several diseases, such as nephrotoxicity. Methylglyoxal (MG) is a reactive dicarbonyl compound formed during glycolysis and reported to increase in kidney damage. Metformin is used as an MG scavenger in the clinic.

Establishment of a two-dimensional chiral HPLC system for the simultaneous detection of lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate enantiomers in human clinical samples.

A two-dimensional chiral high-performance liquid chromatography system was established for simultaneous detection of lactate (LA) and 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) enantiomers in human clinical samples. d-LA is increased upon kidney damage but 3HB protected against kidney injury. Therefore, determining the concentrations of D,L-LA and D,L-3HB simultaneously would be useful for evaluating pathological conditions.

Elevated urinary D-lactate levels in patients with diabetes and microalbuminuria.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has become the major cause of end-stage renal disease. Early detection of disease risk, to enable intervention before advanced renal damage occurs, is an important goal. Microalbuminuria has been used to monitor renal damage in clinical settings for years.

Low-molecular-weight chitosan scavenges methylglyoxal and N (ε)-(carboxyethyl)lysine, the major factors contributing to the pathogenesis of nephropathy.

Methylglyoxal (MG) can cause protein glycation, resulting in cell damage and dysfunction. Accumulation of MG and its downstream metabolite N (ε)-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL) has been identified in several variations of nephropathy, including diabetic, hypertensive, and gentamicin-induced nephropathies. In this study, we investigated the effects of low-molecular-weight chitosan (lmw-chitosan) on MG-induced carbonyl stress in aristolochic acid-induced nephropathy.