Serum vitamin D concentration and anthropometric indicators of adiposity in adults without or with low dose statin users: a cross-sectional study.

Background: This study sought to determine the accuracy of several anthropometric parameters in association with serum Vit. D concentrations and to compare the novel indices with the conventional ones.

Methods: A total of 947 individuals referred to the cardiology clinic who have not used statin or take low-dose statin were evaluated through a cross-sectional study.

Introduction of dengue virus serotype 3 in the Afar Region, Ethiopia.

The genetic analysis of the Dengue virus circulating in Ethiopia's Afar region, in 2023, identified three distinct introductions with spatiotemporal clustering linked to genomes from Asia and Italy. These findings are crucial for enhancing prevention and control strategies, reinforcing the necessity to provide sustainable tools for genomic epidemiology in Africa.

Protein-Protein Interactions: Co-immunoprecipitation.

Proteins often do not function as single substances but rather as team players in a dynamic network. Growing evidences show that protein-protein interactions are crucial in many biological processes in living cells. Genetic (such as yeast two hybrid, Y2H) and biochemical (such as co-immunoprecipitation, co-IP) methods are the commonly used methods to identify the interacting proteins.

A glycine zipper motif is required for the translocation of a T6SS toxic effector into target cells.

Type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) can deliver diverse toxic effectors into eukaryotic and bacterial cells. Although much is known about the regulation and assembly of T6SS, the translocation mechanism of effectors into the periplasm and/or cytoplasm of target cells remains elusive. Here, we use the Agrobacterium tumefaciens DNase effector Tde1 to unravel the mechanism of translocation from attacker to prey.

The Recurrence of Cervical Precancerous Lesion Among HIV Positive and Negative Ethiopian Women After Cryotherapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Early testing and treatment is among the successful strategies for the prevention and control of cervical precancerous and invasive cancer, and a paramount for women with HIV. In Ethiopia, visual inspection with acetic acid for screening and cryotherapy treatment is commonly practiced, though the recurrence of the precancerous lesion after treatment has not been well documented.

Objective: This study was aimed to estimate the association of HIV status and the recurrence of cervical precancerous lesion after cryotherapy among Ethiopian women.

Sustainable Elimination of Schistosomiasis in Ethiopia-A Five-Year Follow-Up Study.

In 2009, Mekele, the capital of the Tigray Region in Ethiopia, presented a mean prevalence of 44.7% of schistosomiasis (S. mansoni) in school children.

Comparison of self-collected versus clinician collected cervicovaginal specimens for detection of high risk human papillomavirus among HIV infected women in Ethiopia.

Background: In order to meet the WHO 2030 cervical cancer elimination program, evaluation and utilization of sensitive testing method, and feasible sampling technique is a paradigm for enhancing cervical cancer screening coverage. Self-sampling for screening of HPV DNA testing is one of the easiest and sensitive techniques, though the evidence was limited in the Ethiopian context. This study aimed to compare the performance of self-collected vaginal specimen versus clinician collected cervical specimen for detection of HPV among HIV positive women in Ethiopia.

Performance of visual Inspection With Acetic Acid for Cervical Cancer Screening as Compared to Human papillomavirus Deoxyribonucleic acid Testing Among Women With HIV in Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-sectional Study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of visual inspection with acetic acid compared with Human papillomavirus Deoxyribonucleic acid (HPV DNA) testing among women with HIV in Ethiopia.

Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted to address the aforementioned objective. Data were collected from January to October 2021, to compare the performance of these two screening modalities.

Mechanistic study on the coupling reaction of CO with propylene oxide catalyzed by (CH ) PI·MgCl.

The mechanistic study of CO coupling with propylene oxide (PO) into cyclic carbonate catalyzed by (CH ) PI has been investigated using the B LYP/6-311++G (d, p)/B LYP/6-31G (d) level of theory for non-iodine atoms and LANL2DZ was used, together with its associated basis set for the iodine atom. Two hypothetical reaction mechanisms were proposed for the studied reaction and thermodynamic and kinetic parameters were computed for each step to determine the more favorable route. The density functional theory (DFT) study reveals that the reaction prefers to proceed through a three-step mechanism (pathway II) than a tri-molecular intermediate (pathway I) where the CO and the catalyst act simultaneously on the PO ring.

Employed mothers' breastfeeding: Exploring breastfeeding experience of employed mothers in different work environments in Ethiopia.

Background: One of the most cost-effective interventions to enhance child health with the potential to reach families of all economic backgrounds is breastfeeding. Despite the many benefits optimal breastfeeding has, its practice is low due to various barriers among which maternal employment is mentioned repeatedly. Accordingly, this study has explored the experience of employed mothers with regards to breastfeeding, employment, and work environment in Addis Ababa Ethiopia.

Burnout and clinical learning environment among residents in Tehran: A cross-sectional study.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the quality of the educational environment in Tehran University of Medical Sciences across different medical specialties and its correlation with residents' burnout.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Tehran University of Medical Sciences among residents drawn from three largest teaching hospitals affiliated. The Maslach Burnout Inventory and Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM) questionnaire were used to collect data through web-based, as well as paper-and pencil questionnaires.

Nutritional status and TB treatment outcomes in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: An ambi-directional cohort study.

Background: Remaining underweight during Tuberculosis (TB) treatment is associated with a higher risk of unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes and relapse. Previous studies conducted in Ethiopia found that bodyweight not adjusted for height at the start of treatment is associated with poor treatment outcomes. However, the association of body mass index (BMI) and weight change during treatment with treatment outcomes has not been studied.

Molecular epidemiology of human papillomavirus among HIV infected women in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Although, there is a variable burden of human papillomavirus (HPV) in women infected with HIV in developing countries, there are few studies that attempted to surmise such variable evidences. This review aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of HPV genotype distribution and risk factors contributing to HPV infection among women infected with HIV in low- and middle-income countries.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies conducted in developing countries and reported HPV prevalence.

Level of physical activity and other maternal characteristics during the third trimester of pregnancy and its association with birthweight at term in South Ethiopia: A prospective cohort study.

Birthweight continues to be the leading infant health indicator and the main focus of infant health policy. Low birthweight babies are at a higher risk of mortality and morbidity in most low-income countries. However, the physical activity level of pregnant women and its association with low birthweight is not well studied in Ethiopia.

National incidence, prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of common micronutrient deficiencies in Ethiopia from 1990 to 2017: estimates from the global burden of diseases study.

Background: Understanding the national burden and trend of micronutrient deficiencies helps to guide effective intervention strategies under various circumstances. There is, however, a lack of evidence on trends, age- and sex-specific variations in Ethiopia.

Objective: This study aimed to provide evidence on the trends of common micronutrient deficiencies including, dietary iron, iodine, vitamin A and other nutritional deficiencies in Ethiopia, from 1990 to 2017, using findings from the Global Burden of Disease study.

Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency among Preschool Children in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Vitamin A deficiency is a major nutritional concern in lower-income countries. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to show the magnitude of vitamin A deficiency among preschoolers in Ethiopia.

Objective: The present study was aimed at synthesizing qualitatively and quantitatively the existing literature on the prevalence of VAD in preschool children in Ethiopia.

Time to viral load suppression and its associated factors in cohort of patients taking antiretroviral treatment in East Shewa zone, Oromiya, Ethiopia, 2018.

Background: A key goal of Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) is to achieve and maintain durable viral suppression. Thus, the most important use of viral load measurement is to monitor the effectiveness of therapy after initiation of ART. The main objective of the study was to determine the time for virological suppression and its associated factors among people living with HIV taking antiretroviral treatments in East Shewa Zone, Oromiya, Ethiopia.

Dietary pattern and its association with iodine deficiency among school children in southwest Ethiopia; A cross-sectional study.

Background: Despite the universal iodization of salt in Ethiopia, iodine deficiency disorder remains a major public health problem and continued to affect a large segment of the population. It is thus essential to assess factors contributing to the unacceptably high endemic goiter rate in the country and avail evidence for further additional interventions. In line with this, we examined the association of dietary pattern and iodine deficiency among school-age children in Ethiopia.

Patients' perception and satisfaction on quality of laboratory malaria diagnostic service in Amhara Regional State, North West Ethiopia.

Background: The most effective strategies in the fight against malaria are to correctly diagnose and timely treat the illness. A diagnosis based on clinical symptoms alone is subjected to misuse of anti-malarial drugs, increased costs to the health services, patient dissatisfaction and also contributes to an increase in non-malaria morbidity and mortality. Among others, inappropriate perception and inadequate satisfaction of patients are significant challenges reported to affect the quality of laboratory malaria diagnostic services.

Does the practice of blood film microscopy for detection and quantification of malaria parasites in northwest Ethiopia fit the standard?

Background: The diagnosis of malaria in clinical laboratories mainly depends on blood smear microscopy and this technique remains the most widely used in Ethiopia. Despite the importance of blood smear microscopy for patient's diagnosis and treatment, little effort has been made to precisely determine and identify sources of error in malaria smear microscopic diagnosis and quantification of parasitaemia. The main objective of the present study was to assess the laboratory practices of health care laboratories carrying out blood films microscopy.

Borrelia recurrentis in head lice, Ethiopia.

Since the 1800s, the only known vector of Borrelia recurrentis has been the body louse. In 2011, we found B. recurrentis DNA in 23% of head lice from patients with louse-borne relapsing fever in Ethiopia.

Multiplex real-time PCR diagnostic of relapsing fevers in Africa.

Background: In Africa, relapsing fever borreliae are neglected arthropod-borne pathogens causing mild to deadly septicemia and miscarriage. The closely related Borrelia crocidurae, Borrelia duttonii, Borrelia recurrentis and Borrelia hispanica are rarely diagnosed at the species level, hampering refined epidemiological and clinical knowledge of the relapsing fevers. It would be hugely beneficial to have simultaneous detection and identification of Borrelia to species level directly from clinical samples.