Increasing the injection volume by dilution improves the onset of motor blockade, but not sensory blockade of ropivacaine for brachial plexus block.

Background And Objective: Ropivacaine used for axillary plexus block provides effective motor and sensory blockade. Varying clinical dosage recommendations exist. Increasing the dosage by increasing the concentration showed no improvement in onset.

Remifentanil or propofol for sedation during carotid endarterectomy under cervical plexus block.

Background: During carotid endarterectomy under regional anaesthesia, patients often require medication to control haemodynamic instability and to provide sedation and analgesia. Propofol and remifentanil are used for this purpose. However, the benefits, side-effects, and optimal dose of these drugs in such patients are unclear.

Waste gas exposure to sevoflurane and nitrous oxide during anaesthesia using the oesophageal-tracheal Combitube small adult.

Exposure to sevoflurane (SEV) and nitrous oxide during ventilation using a Combitube (37Fr) small adult (SA) was compared with waste gas exposure using conventional endotracheal tubes. Trace concentrations of SEV and nitrous oxide were assessed using a direct reading spectrometer during 40 gynaecological laparoscopic procedures under general anaesthesia. Measurements were made at the patients' mouth and in the anaesthetists' breathing zone.

Nalbuphine by PCA-pump for analgesia following hysterectomy: bolus application versus continuous infusion with bolus application.

The analgesic properties of the partial agonist-antagonist nalbuphine in the postoperative period are well known. When used for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) the effectiveness of this substance is comparable to that of morphine or tramadol. However, the optimal programme for administration of nalbuphine in PCA-pumps has not been investigated.

[[Course of the progression of experimentally induced arteriosclerotic vessel wall changes after treatment with magnesium orotate] ].

There are some experimental and clinical results regarding blood vessel protective properties of magnesium orotate (CAS 27067-77-2) till now. The goal of the present investigation was to verify the therapeutical efficacy of magnesium orotate vs. its singular components in cholesterol fed rabbits.

Right atrial pressure predicts hemodynamic response to apneic positive airway pressure.

Objective: To evaluate if the preexistant filling state, assessed by right atrial pressure (RAP), pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP), and right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (EDVI), would define the subsequent hemodynamic effects of increases in airway pressure (Paw).

Design: Prospective open clinical study.

Setting: Postoperative intensive care unit, university hospital.

Naloxone-resistant respiratory depression and neurological eye symptoms after intrathecal morphine.

We describe a case of neurological symptoms after the intrathecal use of an opioid. These symptoms were not reversible by the use of an opioid-antagonist.

Influence of positive airway pressure on the pressure gradient for venous return in humans.

To study the effect of positive airway pressure (Paw) on the pressure gradient for venous return [the difference between mean systemic filling pressure (Pms) and right atrial pressure (Pra)], we investigated 10 patients during general anesthesia for implantation of defibrillator devices. Paw was varied under apnea from 0 to 15 cmH(2)O, which increased Pra from 7.3 +/- 3.

Hemodynamic and catecholamine stress responses to insertion of the Combitube, laryngeal mask airway or tracheal intubation.

Unlabelled: In a prospective, randomized, and controlled trial, we compared the stress responses after insertion of the Combitube (CT; Kendall-Sheridan Catheter Corp., Argyle, NY), the laryngeal mask airway (LMA), or endotracheal intubation (ET). Seventy-five patients scheduled for routine urological or gynecological surgery were randomly allocated to one of three groups and were ventilated via either an ET, a LMA, or a CT.

[Multiple organ failure with several weeks' persistence of ARDS: successful therapy with methylprednisolone].

A 21-year-old female who had developed ileus underwent abdominal surgery for adhesiolysis. Because of postoperative bleeding she required repeated surgical reexploration. Subsequently, the patient developed abdominal sepsis (Enterobacter cloacae) and, on day 11 of mechanical ventilation, severe adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (Lung injury score 3.

[Morphological aspects of the effect of magnesium orotate therapy on changes in the vascular walls induced by cholesterol-rich diet].

Heart and blood vessel disease are one of the leading causes of death, so their prevention and therapy are very important. In the present study the effects of magnesium chloride, magnesium orotate and orotic acid were tested. New Zealand rabbits were fed with enriched (2%) cholesterol diet during 112 days: starting with day 56 all rabbits were treated with MgCl2, Mg-orotate or orotic acid (orally).

Measurement of right ventricular performance during apnea in patients with acute lung injury.

Background: Mechanical ventilation resulted in increased, decreased or unchanged end-diastolic volumes together with either profoundly decreased or unchanged right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF). The goal of our study was, therefore, to evaluate the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on measurements of RVEF performed during apneic periods with different levels of positive end-expiratory pressure.

Methods: Fifteen consecutive patients suffering from acute lung injury after major surgery or trauma were included.

Morphological aspects of the effects of orotic acid and magnesium orotate on hypercholesterolaemia in rabbits.

Heart and blood vessel diseases are one of the leading causes of death, so their prevention and therapy are very important. In the present study the effects of magnesium chloride, magnesium orotate and orotic acid were tested. New Zealand rabbits were fed with enriched (2%) cholesterol diet during 112 days; starting with day 56 all rabbits were treated with MgCl2, Mg-orotate or orotic acid (orally).

Coronary arteriopathy after lymphatic blockade: an experimental study in dogs.

The effects of lymph stasis on the histological and biochemical properties of the coronary arterial wall and on the coronary circulation were studied in 72 dogs. Cardiac lymph stasis was produced in 52 dogs by cardiac lymphatic blockade whereas in 20 dogs only a sham operation was performed. Blockade of cardiac lymph drainage promoted characteristic injury to the coronary arteries including subendothelial edema with plasma inbibition, interstitial and intracellular edema in the tunica media with degeneration in the smooth muscle layer, swelling of the adventitial space with dilated lymph vessels and, later, fibrosis.

[Pseudo-faulty location of a Swan-Ganz catheter in a persistent left superior vena cava].

The insertion of a Swan-Ganz catheter may cause various complications including intravascular malpositioning due to congenital anomalies of the large veins. A persistent left superior vena cava is the most frequent anomaly of the large vessels. It is usually diagnosed either as an incidental finding at autopsy or during X-ray imaging for confirming proper position of central venous and pulmonary catheters.

Arterial to end-tidal CO2 tension difference after bilateral lung transplantation.

Objectives: To assess ventilation/perfusion mismatch with high ventilation/perfusion ratios (i.e., alveolar deadspace) and to assess capnography as a noninvasive method of monitoring ventilation after bilateral lung transplantation.

[A complete ventilation-perfusion mismatch following one-sided lung transplantation and postoperative hemothorax].

Eight days after single-lung transplantation for pulmonary hypertension, a patient presented with a hemothorax on the side of the transplanted lung that required acute thoracotomy. Pulmonary artery pressure had decreased from 78/32/58 mmHg prior to the transplant to 42/18/27 mmHg on the 2nd postoperative day. Therefore, a predominance of perfusion to the transplanted lung was expected.

Changes of DNA-acridine orange binding in monocytes and endothelial cells of hypertensive arteries.

The interactions of monocytes and endothelial cells were examined employing acridine orange (AO) binding to chromatin as an electron microscopic probe for studying changes in nuclear activity. The number of AO labeled nuclei were determined in adherent and sub-endothelial monocytes, and endothelial cells either associated with or devoid of monocytes in mesenteric arteries of renal hypertensive and normotensive rats. No AO-positive cell nuceli were found in the few adherent monocytes in the normotensive rats while in hypertensive rats 63% of the adherent monocytes and 86% of the subendothelial monocytes were labeled by AO.

Lymphatic arteriopathy: damage to the wall of the canine femoral artery after lymphatic blockade.

The effect of lymph stasis on the histological, biochemical, and elastic properties of the femoral artery were studied after regional lymphatic blockade in 36 dogs. Dogs were sacrificed 4-21 days after operation. Histologic changes of the femoral arterial wall (interstitial edema, degeneration in the muscle layer or media, thickened adventitia with dilated lymph vessels, and fibrosis) developed after regional lymphatic blockade.