Substantiating the Short Burst Duration in Cortical Myoclonus.

Background: Myoclonus is characterized by involuntary, shock-like movements, of which cortical (CM) and non-cortical myoclonus (NCM) are most common. Electrophysiology can help differentiate between these subtypes; however, the diagnostic value of several features is largely unknown.

Objective: This study aims to determine the diagnostic value of the burst duration in distinguishing CM and NCM.

Next move in movement disorders: neuroimaging protocols for hyperkinetic movement disorders.

Introduction: The Next Move in Movement Disorders (NEMO) study is an initiative aimed at advancing our understanding and the classification of hyperkinetic movement disorders, including tremor, myoclonus, dystonia, and myoclonus-dystonia. The study has two main objectives: (a) to develop a computer-aided tool for precise and consistent classification of these movement disorder phenotypes, and (b) to deepen our understanding of brain pathophysiology through advanced neuroimaging techniques. This protocol review details the neuroimaging data acquisition and preprocessing procedures employed by the NEMO team to achieve these goals.

Digital Health Technology Use Across Socioeconomic Groups Prior to and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Panel Study.

Background: Digital technologies have become more important in the health care sector in the past decades. This transition from conventional to digital health care has been accelerated by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which poses the risk of creating a "digital divide," inadvertently placing those who are older, economically disadvantaged, and have a lower level of education at a disadvantage.

Objective: This study focuses on the influence of socioeconomic factors on the adoption of digital health technology in the Frisian population and how this relation is affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Altered brain connectivity in hyperkinetic movement disorders: A review of resting-state fMRI.

Background: Hyperkinetic movement disorders (HMD) manifest as abnormal and uncontrollable movements. Despite reported involvement of several neural circuits, exact connectivity profiles remain elusive.

Objectives: Providing a comprehensive literature review of resting-state brain connectivity alterations using resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI).

A resting-state fMRI pattern of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 and comparison with F-FDG PET.

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a rare genetic neurodegenerative disease. The neurobiological basis of SCA3 is still poorly understood, and up until now resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) has not been used to study this disease. In the current study we investigated (multi-echo) rs-fMRI data from patients with genetically confirmed SCA3 (n = 17) and matched healthy subjects (n = 16).

PET-BIDS, an extension to the brain imaging data structure for positron emission tomography.

The Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) is a standard for organizing and describing neuroimaging datasets, serving not only to facilitate the process of data sharing and aggregation, but also to simplify the application and development of new methods and software for working with neuroimaging data. Here, we present an extension of BIDS to include positron emission tomography (PET) data, also known as PET-BIDS, and share several open-access datasets curated following PET-BIDS along with tools for conversion, validation and analysis of PET-BIDS datasets.

Next move in movement disorders (NEMO): developing a computer-aided classification tool for hyperkinetic movement disorders.

Introduction: Our aim is to develop a novel approach to hyperkinetic movement disorder classification, that combines clinical information, electromyography, accelerometry and video in a computer-aided classification tool. We see this as the next step towards rapid and accurate phenotype classification, the cornerstone of both the diagnostic and treatment process.

Methods And Analysis: The Next Move in Movement Disorders (NEMO) study is a cross-sectional study at Expertise Centre Movement Disorders Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen.

The chronnectome as a model for Charcot's 'dynamic lesion' in functional movement disorders.

This exploratory study set out to investigate dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) in patients with jerky and tremulous functional movement disorders (JT-FMD). The focus in this work is on dynamic brain states, which represent distinct dFC patterns that reoccur in time and across subjects. Resting-state fMRI data were collected from 17 patients with JT-FMD and 17 healthy controls (HC).

No evidence for an association between obesity and milkshake liking.

Background: Prevailing models of obesity posit that hedonic signals override homeostatic mechanisms to promote overeating in today's food environment. What researchers mean by "hedonic" varies considerably, but most frequently refers to an aggregate of appetitive events including incentive salience, motivation, reinforcement, and perceived pleasantness. Here we define hedonic as orosensory pleasure experienced during eating and set out to test whether there is a relationship between adiposity and the perceived pleasure of a palatable and energy-dense milkshake.

Short-Term Consumption of Sucralose with, but Not without, Carbohydrate Impairs Neural and Metabolic Sensitivity to Sugar in Humans.

There is a general consensus that overconsumption of sugar-sweetened beverages contributes to the prevalence of obesity and related comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Whether a similar relationship exists for no- or low-calorie "diet" drinks is a subject of intensive debate and controversy. Here, we demonstrate that consuming seven sucralose-sweetened beverages with, but not without, a carbohydrate over 10 days decreases insulin sensitivity in healthy human participants, an effect that correlates with reductions in midbrain, insular, and cingulate responses to sweet, but not sour, salty, or savory, taste as assessed with fMRI.

A Brief Neuropsychological Battery for Measuring Cognitive Functions Associated with Obesity.

Objective: Although ample evidence links obesity to cognitive dysfunction, the trajectory of cognitive change, the underlying mechanisms, and the involvement of related factors, such as metabolic disease and diet, remain unclear. To support further investigations of BMI and cognition, this study aimed to create a concise test battery to be used in future trials.

Methods: Twenty neurocognitive measures were regressed on BMI in the Human Connectome Project Healthy Young Adult S1200 data release by using linear mixed models and by adjusting for major confounders.

Valence processing differs across stimulus modalities.

Although it is often assumed that valence processing in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is similar for stimuli originating from different sensory modalities, evidence supporting this view is lacking. To address this, we recruited 20 male participants and used a delayed-response fMRI design to test whether perceived pleasantness of flavors and images is similarly processed in the PFC. As predicted, significant correlations were observed between image and flavor pleasantness ratings, and PFC response to these stimuli; however, these responses were spatially different, with flavor pleasantness reflected in more ventrally located PFC regions than image pleasantness.

Flavor pleasantness processing in the ventral emotion network.

The ventral emotion network-encompassing the amygdala, insula, ventral striatum, and ventral regions of the prefrontal cortex-has been associated with the identification of emotional significance of perceived external stimuli and the production of affective states. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies investigating chemosensory stimuli have associated parts of this network with pleasantness coding. In the current study, we independently analyzed two datasets in which we measured brain responses to flavor stimuli in young adult men.

Functional specialization of the male insula during taste perception.

The primary gustatory area is located in the insular cortex. Although the insular cortex has been the topic of multiple parcellation studies, its functional specialization regarding taste processing received relatively little attention. Studies investigating the brain response to taste suggested that the insular cortex is involved in processing multiple characteristics of a taste stimulus, such as its quality, intensity, and pleasantness.

Neural processing of basic tastes in healthy young and older adults - an fMRI study.

Ageing affects taste perception as shown in psychophysical studies, however, underlying structural and functional mechanisms of these changes are still largely unknown. To investigate the neurobiology of age-related differences associated with processing of basic tastes, we measured brain activation (i.e.

Differences in cognitive aging: typology based on a community structure detection approach.

The current study investigated the extent and patterns of cognitive variability in younger and older adults. An important novelty of this study is the use of graph-based community structure detection analysis to map performance in a mixed population of 79 young and 76 older adults, without separating the age groups a-priori. We identified six subgroups, with distinct patterns of neuropsychological performance.

Evoked emotions predict food choice.

In the current study we show that non-verbal food-evoked emotion scores significantly improve food choice prediction over merely liking scores. Previous research has shown that liking measures correlate with choice. However, liking is no strong predictor for food choice in real life environments.

Dealing with consumer differences in liking during repeated exposure to food; typical dynamics in rating behavior.

Consumers show high interindividual variability in food liking during repeated exposure. To investigate consumer liking during repeated exposure, data is often interpreted on a product level by averaging results over all consumers. However, a single product may elicit inconsistent behaviors in consumers; averaging will mix and hide possible subgroups of consumer behaviors, leading to a misinterpretation of the results.

Pupil dilation co-varies with memory strength of individual traces in a delayed response paired-associate task.

Studies on cognitive effort have shown that pupil dilation is a reliable indicator of memory load. However, it is conceivable that there are other sources of effort involved in memory that also affect pupil dilation. One of these is the ease with which an item can be retrieved from memory.