The Competition of Yin and Yang: Exploring the Role of Wild-Type and Mutant p53 in Tumor Progression.

The protein p53 is a well-known tumor suppressor that plays a crucial role in preventing cancer development [...

P63 and P73 Activation in Cancers with p53 Mutation.

The members of the p53 family comprise p53, p63, and p73, and full-length isoforms of the p53 family have a tumor suppressor function. However, p53, but not p63 or p73, has a high mutation rate in cancers causing it to lose its tumor suppressor function. The top and second-most prevalent p53 mutations are missense and nonsense mutations, respectively.

Screening of Specific and Common Pathways in Breast Cancer Cell Lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 Treated with Chlorophyllides Composites.

Our previous findings have shown that the chlorophyllides composites have anticancer activities to breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). In the present study, microarray gene expression profiling was utilized to investigate the chlorophyllides anticancer mechanism on the breast cancer cells lines. Results showed that chlorophyllides composites induced upregulation of 43 and 56 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively.

Chlorophyllides: Preparation, Purification, and Application.

Chlorophyllides can be found in photosynthetic organisms. Generally, chlorophyllides have -, -, -, -, and -type derivatives, and all chlorophyllides have a tetrapyrrole structure with a Mg ion at the center and a fifth isocyclic pentanone. Chlorophyllide can be synthesized from protochlorophyllide , divinyl chlorophyllide , or chlorophyll.

Facile production of chlorophyllides using recombinant CrCLH1 and their cytotoxicity towards multidrug resistant breast cancer cell lines.

The purity of chlorophylls plays one of the key role for the production of chlorophyllides. We have designed a facile method for chlorophyll purification by twice solvent extraction. Twice extraction causes the loss of chlorophylls, but the purity of total chlorophylls can be enhanced 182%.

Identification and Isolation of an Intermediate Metabolite with Dual Antioxidant and Anti-Proliferative Activity Present in the Fungus Cultured on an Alternative Medium with Leaf Extract.

The fungus has been used as a folk medicine for various diseases, especially cancer. When is cultured on the original host, an endangered woody plant Hayata, the fungus produces more active ingredients, but its growth is slow. Here, leaf ethanol extract (KLEE) was used as a substitute for wood to culture on solid medium to shorten the culture period and produce active metabolites en masse.

A Review of Bacteriochlorophyllides: Chemical Structures and Applications.

Generally, bacteriochlorophyllides were responsible for the photosynthesis in bacteria. Seven types of bacteriochlorophyllides have been disclosed. Bacteriochlorophyllides // could be synthesized from divinyl chlorophyllide .

Isolation, Expression and Characterization of the Thermophilic Recombinant Esterase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans PS01.

Esterases are widely used in the food industry. Here, a new thermophilic bacterium, Geobacillus thermodenitrificans PS01, was isolated and the esterase-encoding gene est1 was cloned, sequenced, and recombinant expressed in Escherichia coli Tuner (DE3). The highest activity of recombinant Est1 was detected at pH 8.

Enhancement of the stability of chlorophyll using chlorophyll-encapsulated polycaprolactone microparticles based on droplet microfluidics.

Chlorophyll is a valuable bioactive compound, which is used as a natural food coloring agent and a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy because of its antioxidant properties, antimutagenic ability, and near-infrared fluorescence. However, chlorophyll is unstable when it comes to retaining its antioxidant activity, when exposed to oxygen, high temperature, or light environments. To enhance the stability of chlorophyll, a polymer encapsulation method was proposed.

Cytotoxic Effects of Chlorophyllides in Ethanol Crude Extracts from Plant Leaves.

Chlorophyllide (chlide) is a natural catabolic product of chlorophyll (Chl), produced through the activity of chlorophyllase (chlase). The growth inhibitory and antioxidant effects of chlide from different plant leaf extracts have not been reported. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that chlide in crude extracts from leaves has the potential to exert cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines.

Multiple promoters driving the expression of astaxanthin biosynthesis genes can enhance free-form astaxanthin production.

Astaxanthin possesses various biological properties and is used in the animal and fish feed, food, and beverage industries. In this study, we derived zeaxanthin biosynthesis genes (crtE, crtB, crtI, crtY, and crtZ) from Erwinia uredovora and crtW from Agrobacterium aurantiacum. We fused inducible and constitutive promoters to astaxanthin biosynthesis genes to construct a novel plasmid (dubbed PTP3-6) that can effectively enhance free-form astaxanthin (FFAX) production.

Crystallographic analysis of the Staphylococcus epidermidis lipase involved in esterification in aqueous solution.

The Staphylococcus epidermidis lipase (SeLip, GehC) can be used in flavour-compound production via esterification in aqueous solution. This study reports the crystallization and crystallographic analysis of recombinant GehC (rGehC; Lys303-Lys688) with a molecular weight of 43 kDa. rGehC was crystallized at 293 K using PEG 10 000 as a precipitant, and a 99.

Genome-wide analysis of GDSL-type esterases/lipases in Arabidopsis.

In this present study, we introduce a fundamental framework and provide information regarding the possible roles of GDSL-type esterase/lipase gene family in Arabidopsis. GDSL-type esterases/lipases are hydrolytic enzymes with multifunctional properties such as broad substrate specificity, regiospecificity, and stereoselectivity. In this study, we identified 105 GDSL-type esterase/lipase genes in Arabidopsis thaliana by conducting a comprehensive computational analysis.

Differential Gene Expression Network in Terpenoid Synthesis of Antrodia cinnamomea in Mycelia and Fruiting Bodies.

Antodia cinnamomea, a precious brown-rot fungus endemic to Taiwan, has pharmaceutical applications due to its diverse array of metabolites. The terpenoids found in A. cinnamomea contribute to its most important bioactivities.

Immobilization of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CLH1 on APTES-Coated Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Its Potential in the Production of Chlorophyll Derivatives.

Recombinant Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chlorophyllase 1 (CrCLH1) that could catalyze chlorophyll hydrolysis to chlorophyllide and phytol in vitro was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant CrCLH1 was immobilized through covalent binding with a cubic (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) coating on magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs), which led to markedly improved enzyme performance and decreased biocatalyst costs for potential industrial application. The immobilized enzyme exhibited a high immobilization yield (98.

Microfluidic assisted synthesis of silver nanoparticle-chitosan composite microparticles for antibacterial applications.

Silver nanoparticle (Ag NP)-loaded chitosan composites have numerous biomedical applications; however, fabricating uniform composite microparticles remains challenging. This paper presents a novel microfluidic approach for single-step and in situ synthesis of Ag NP-loaded chitosan microparticles. This proposed approach enables obtaining uniform and monodisperse Ag NP-loaded chitosan microparticles measuring several hundred micrometers.

Arabidopsis SFAR4 is a novel GDSL-type esterase involved in fatty acid degradation and glucose tolerance.

Background: SFARs (seed fatty acid reducers) belonging to the GDSL lipases/esterases family have been reported to reduce fatty acid storage and composition in mature Arabidopsis seeds. GDSL lipases/esterases are hydrolytic enzymes that possess multifunctional properties, such as broad substrate specificity, regiospecificity, and stereoselectivity. Studies on the physiological functions and biochemical characteristics of GDSL lipases/esterases in plants are limited, so it is important to elucidate the molecular functions of GDSL-type genes.

A Novel Recombinant Chlorophyllase1 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for the Production of Chlorophyllide Derivatives.

Natural chlorophyll metabolites have exhibited physiological activity in vitro. In this study, a recombinant chlorophyllase1 gene from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrCLH1) was isolated and characterized. Recombinant CrCLH1 can perform chlorophyll dephytylation and produce chlorophyllide and phytol.

Characterization of the 2,3-Oxidosqualene Cyclase Gene from Antrodia cinnamomea and Enhancement of Cytotoxic Triterpenoid Compound Production.

Antrodia cinnamomea is a scarce, epiphyte, host-specific, brown-rot fungus that produces diverse bioactive compounds with potent biological activity. Natural wild-type fruiting bodies of A. cinnamomea are rare and highly valued, but their artificial culture poses challenges.

Conversion of crude Jatropha curcas seed oil into biodiesel using liquid recombinant Candida rugosa lipase isozymes.

The versatile Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) has been widely used in biotechnological applications. However, there have not been feasibility reports on the transesterification of non-edible oils to produce biodiesel using the commercial CRL preparations, mixtures of isozymes. In the present study, four liquid recombinant CRL isozymes (CRL1-CRL4) were investigated to convert various non-edible oils into biodiesel.

MicroRNA-like small RNAs prediction in the development of Antrodia cinnamomea.

Antrodia cinnamomea, a precious, host-specific brown-rot fungus that has been used as a folk medicine in Taiwan for centuries is known to have diverse bioactive compounds with potent pharmaceutical activity. In this study, different fermentation states of A. cinnamomea (wild-type fruiting bodies and liquid cultured mycelium) were sequenced using the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique.

A novel recombinant chlorophyllase from cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142 for the production of bacteriochlorophyllide a.

Bacteriopheophorbide a (BPheid a) is used as a precursor for bacteriochlorin a (BCA), which can be used for photodynamic therapy in both in vitro and in vivo biochemical applications. This study successfully isolated and expressed a photosynthetic bacterium (Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142) chlorophyllase called CyanoCLH, which can be used as a biocatalyst for the production of a BCA precursor by degrading bacteriochlorophyll a (BChl a).

Purification and immobilization of the recombinant Brassica oleracea Chlorophyllase 1 (BoCLH1) on DIAION®CR11 as potential biocatalyst for the production of chlorophyllide and phytol.

Recombinant Brassica oleracea chlorophyllase 1 (BoCLH1) with a protein molecular weight of 38.63 kDa was successfully expressed in E. coli and could catalyze chlorophyll (Chl) hydrolysis to chlorophyllide and phytol in vitro.