Ethical and Legal Issues in COVID-19 Case Investigation and Contact Tracing: A Case Study of A Large Academic Public Health Partnership.

In an effort to respond to the large surge in COVID-19 cases in Arizona that began between May and July 2020, the Arizona State University (ASU) Student Outbreak Response Team (SORT) formed a remote, volunteer-based case investigation team that worked in partnership with a local public health department through delegated public health authority.

Serological survey to estimate SARS-CoV-2 infection and antibody seroprevalence at a large public university: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: This study investigated the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among adults over 18 years.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Settings: A large public university.

The efficacy and acceptability of psychological interventions for adult PTSD: A network and pairwise meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: A comprehensive quantitative summary of the efficacy and acceptability of psychological interventions (PIs) for adult posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is lacking.

Method: We conducted a systematic literature search to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the efficacy and acceptability (all-cause dropout) of psychological interventions (i.e.

Consequences of COVID-19 on adolescents in Arizona: A longitudinal study protocol.

Introduction: The long-term impact of COVID-19 is unknown. We developed a 5-year prospective cohort study designed to generate actionable community-informed research about the consequences of COVID-19 on adolescents ages 12-17 years in Arizona.

Methods: The study has two primary outcomes: 1) acute and long-term outcomes of COVID-19 illness and 2) symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Prospective sampling bias in COVID-19 recruitment methods: experimental evidence from a national randomized survey testing recruitment materials.

Background: In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, social science research has required recruiting many prospective participants. Many researchers have explicitly taken advantage of widespread public interest in COVID-19 to advertise their studies. Leveraging this interest, however, risks creating unrepresentative samples due to differential interest in the topic.

Using Automation, Prioritization, and Collaboration to Manage a COVID-19 Case Surge in Maricopa County, Arizona, 2020.

During summer 2020, the Maricopa County Department of Public Health (MCDPH) responded to a surge in COVID-19 cases. We used internet-based platforms to automate case notifications, prioritized investigation of cases more likely to have onward transmission or severe COVID-19 based on available preinvestigation information, and partnered with Arizona State University (ASU) to scale investigation capacity. We assessed the speed of automated case notifications and accuracy of our investigation prioritization criteria.

Design and Implementation of a COVID-19 Case Investigation Program: An Academic-Public Health Partnership, Arizona, 2020.

From May through July 2020, Arizona was a global hotspot for new COVID-19 cases. In response to the surge of cases, local public health departments looked for innovative ways to form external partnerships to address their staffing needs. In collaboration with the Maricopa County Department of Public Health, the Arizona State University Student Outbreak Response Team (SORT) created and implemented a virtual call center to conduct public health case investigations for COVID-19.

Elucidating symptoms of COVID-19 illness in the Arizona CoVHORT: a longitudinal cohort study.

Objective: To elucidate the symptoms of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases as compared with laboratory-confirmed negative individuals and to the untested general population among all participants who reported symptoms within a large prospective cohort study.

Setting And Design: This work was conducted within the framework of the Arizona CoVHORT, a longitudinal prospective cohort study conducted among Arizona residents.

Participants: Eligible participants were any individual living in Arizona and were recruited from across Arizona via COVID-19 case investigations, participation in testing studies and a postcard mailing effort.

Accuracy of Case-Based Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Maricopa County, Arizona.

We conducted a community seroprevalence survey in Arizona, from September 12 to October 1, 2020, to determine the presence of antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We used the seroprevalence estimate to predict SARS-CoV-2 infections in the jurisdiction by applying the adjusted seroprevalence to the county's population. The estimated community seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections was 4.

Association Between K-12 School Mask Policies and School-Associated COVID-19 Outbreaks - Maricopa and Pima Counties, Arizona, July-August 2021.

CDC recommends universal indoor masking by students, staff members, faculty, and visitors in kindergarten through grade 12 (K-12) schools, regardless of vaccination status, to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 (1). Schools in Maricopa and Pima Counties, which account for >75% of Arizona's population (2), resumed in-person learning for the 2021-22 academic year during late July through early August 2021. In mid-July, county-wide 7-day case rates were 161 and 105 per 100,000 persons in Maricopa and Pima Counties, respectively, and 47.

Availability, variety and distribution of healthy and unhealthy foods and beverages sold at street food stands in Mexico City.

Objective: To examine differences in the availability, variety and distribution of foods and beverages sold at street food stands (SFS) across neighbourhood income levels in Mexico City.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: Twenty neighbourhoods representing low-, middle- and high-income levels in Mexico City.

Development and Interrater Reliability of a Street Food Stand Assessment Tool.

Objective: To design and test the interrater reliability of a Street Food Stand Assessment Tool (SFSAT).

Design: Variables were adapted from validated assessment tools, field observations, and the Mexican Dietary Guidelines. Two researchers tested the SFSAT by observing street food stands (SFS) in 3 middle- to high-income neighborhoods.

Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in a non-hospitalized cohort: Results from the Arizona CoVHORT.

Clinical presentation, outcomes, and duration of COVID-19 has ranged dramatically. While some individuals recover quickly, others suffer from persistent symptoms, collectively known as long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC). Most PASC research has focused on hospitalized COVID-19 patients with moderate to severe disease.

Street Food Stand Availability, Density, and Distribution Across Income Levels in Mexico City.

Street food stands (SFS) are an understudied element of the food environment. Previous SFS studies have not used a rigorous approach to document the availability, density, and distribution of SFS across neighborhood income levels and points of access in Mexico City. A random sample ( = 761) of street segments representing 20 low-, middle-, and high-income neighborhoods were assessed using geographic information system (GIS) and ground-truthing methods.

Design of the Arizona CoVHORT: A Population-Based COVID-19 Cohort.

This study is a prospective, population-based cohort of individuals with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and those without past infection through multiple recruitment sources. The main study goal is to track health status over time, within the diverse populations of Arizona and to identify the long-term consequences of COVID-19 on health and well-being. A total of 2,881 study participants (16.

COVID-19 healthcare demand projections: Arizona.

Beginning in March 2020, the United States emerged as the global epicenter for COVID-19 cases with little to guide policy response in the absence of extensive data available for reliable epidemiological modeling in the early phases of the pandemic. In the ensuing weeks, American jurisdictions attempted to manage disease spread on a regional basis using non-pharmaceutical interventions (i.e.

The importance of widespread testing for COVID-19 pandemic: systems thinking for drive-through testing sites.

On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. Early epidemiological estimates show that COVID-19 is highly transmissible, infecting populations across the globe in a short amount of time. WHO has recommended widespread clinical testing in order to contain COVID-19.

Relationship between different levels of the Mexican food environment and dietary intake: a qualitative systematic review.

Objective: To investigate the possible associations between the food environment and dietary intake in the Mexican population.

Design: Four databases (PubMed, PsychInfo, Web of Science and SCIelo) were used to retrieve relevant articles using an open timeframe. Articles were reviewed if they contained a systematic measure (i.

Nurses' Perceptions of Implant Barcode Scanning in Surgical Services.

The US Food and Drug Administration's 2013 Unique Device Identification System Rule requires manufacturers to label devices with unique identifiers. Implantable devices are now shipped with unique identifiers, and many electronic health records have fields to incorporate them. Health policy changes have prompted hospital systems to assess implementation of implant barcode scanning systems to capture unique device identifiers.

Survival Rates According to Tumour Location in Patients With Surgically Treated Oral and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background/aim: We evaluated survival rates in surgically-treated oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients at our clinic, and determined whether survival differed by tumour locations.

Patients And Methods: In a retrospective study, tumour lesions in 1,486 patients were categorized into 6 groups according to tumour location. Patients' age, sex, tumour-node-metastasis classification, resection status, 5-year and disease-specific survival rates were statistically analysed between groups.

Increased vulnerability of COPD patient groups to urban climate in view of global warming.

Purpose: Patients with COPD show an increase in acute exacerbations (AECOPD) during the cold season as well as during heat waves in the summer months. Due to global climate changes, extreme weather conditions are likely to occur more frequently in the future. The goal of this study was to identify patient groups most at risk of exacerbations during the four seasons of the year and to determine at which temperature threshold the daily hospital admissions due to AECOPD increase during the summer.

Redefining Cut-Points for High Symptom Burden of the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Classification in 18,577 Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Background: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be classified into groups A/C or B/D based on symptom intensity. Different threshold values for symptom questionnaires can result in misclassification and, in turn, different treatment recommendations. The primary aim was to find the best fitting cut-points for Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) symptom measures, with an modified Medical Research Council dyspnea grade of 2 or higher as point of reference.

The Emergence of Undergraduate Majors in Global Health: Systematic Review of Programs and Recommendations for Future Directions.

Global health education has been expanding rapidly and several universities have created an undergraduate major degree (bachelor's degree) in global heath or global health studies. Because there are currently no national guidelines for undergraduate degrees in global health, each of these programs was developed along individual lines. To guide the development of future global health majors, we conducted a systematic review of undergraduate majors in global health.