Review of Cisplatin and Oxaliplatin in Current Immunogenic and Monoclonal Antibodies Perspective.

Platinum-based chemotherapy made a paradigm shift in the treatment of different cancers initially; however, the success of these agents may have reached the peak as researchers have tried different combination regimes in different trials without having major differences in the end results. New frontiers of research were opened up firstly with this discovery that conventional chemo-radiation therapy can induce immunological cell death by recruiting high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein which triggers the T cell immunity and secondly monoclonal antibodies agents which were regrettably not effective as "monotherapy"; however, the combination with conventional chemotherapy had demonstrated good results. Different monoclonal antibodies and conventional chemotherapeutic combination regimes are currently in use and researchers are trying different other combinations as well to glean the maximum benefits from them.

Outcomes after stenting for malignant large bowel obstruction without radiologist support.

Aim: To assess outcomes after colonic stent insertion for obstructing colorectal malignancies performed by an endoscopist without radiologist support.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of all stents inserted by a single surgeon in a District General Hospital over an eight year period. All stents were inserted for patients with acute large bowel obstruction secondary to a malignant colorectal pathology either for palliation or as a bridge to surgery.

The performance of routine computed tomography for the detection of colorectal cancer.

Introduction: Although colonoscopy and computed tomography (CT) colonography in expert hands are the most sensitive investigations for colorectal cancer, some patients may not tolerate the necessary bowel preparation and insufflation of gas into the colon. We assessed the performance of unprepared contrast CT for the detection of colorectal cancer.

Methods: A retrospective review was undertaken of all patients who had contrast CT of the abdomen and pelvis and then went on to have colonoscopy at our institutions between 2007 and 2010.

Giant colonic lipoma presenting with intermittent intestinal obstruction.

Lipomas of gastrointestinal (GI) tract are the common benign tumours. They are usually small and asymptomatic; however, large colonic lipoma is a rare tumour and may cause intestinal obstruction. A similar rare case of large lipoma, treated with laparoscopic right hemicolectomy, is reported here.

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: gallstone-induced auto-sphincterotomy.

A 67-year-old gentleman with no significant medical history of note presented with sudden onset of epigastric pain, coffee ground vomiting and passing black tarry stool. A series of investigations including blood tests, ultrasound scan, CT abdomen and pelvis with contrast and endoscopy failed to reveal any site of active bleeding. The mystery remained and the patient continued to have upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Duodenal gastric metaplasia and Helicobacter pylori infection in high and low duodenal ulcer-prevalent areas in India.

Background: Previous reports, based on surgery, showed duodenal ulcer (DU) to be more common in the rice-eating areas of southern India than in the northern wheat-eating areas.

Aims: Does this difference persist? Can it be explained by risk factors other than diet?

Methods: A total of 20 053 records from patients undergoing endoscopy for dyspepsia, and 590 endoscopy patients from two northern and two southern centers in India were studied prospectively. Records were scrutinized to determine the relative incidence of DU and non-ulcer dyspepsia in wheat- and rice-eating areas.