Methods to assess pericyte-endothelial cell interactions in a coculture model.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) comprises the microvascular endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes, which are connected by the extracellular matrix (ECM). Current BBB models focus solely on the microvascular endothelial cells which constitute a physical barrier by formation of tight junctions (TJs), while the impact of pericytes on barrier regulation is poorly understood. We established a coculture model from primary porcine brain capillary endothelial cells (PBCECs) and pericytes (PBCPs) to approach the in vivo situation.

TIMP-3: a novel target for glucocorticoid signaling at the blood-brain barrier.

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are used in the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effect of GCs on the balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous inhibitors, the TIMPs (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases). We could demonstrate that all four known TIMPs are present at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelium.

Control of the blood-brain barrier by glucocorticoids and the cells of the neurovascular unit.

The blood-brain barrier is built up by endothelial cells lining the cerebral capillaries whereby the physical diffusion barrier is formed by tight junctions sealing the intercellular clefts. Chemical factors being released endogenously to the blood stream may regulate the barrier tightness. However, since tight junctions of the cerebral capillaries are more complex compared to those of other vessels, it becomes evident that the cells of the neurovascular unit play an important role in the induction and the maintenance of the barrier properties.