Increase in coherence in action control as a feature of successful psychotherapies: a sequential analytical examination of the therapist-patient interaction.

The authors investigated the hypothesis that utterances of patients and therapists concerning action control theory (Kuhl, 1985) would converge in successful therapies. This study focused on the motivational content of patient and therapist statements from 128 therapy sessions of 32 different therapies. Using sequential analysis, the authors analyzed the starting and final therapy phases, different therapeutic conditions, and outcome.

Thiophilic ring-opening and rearrangement reactions of epoxyketone natural products.

Thiol additions to the highly functionalized core structures of aranorosin- and manumycin-type antibiotics reveal the general reactivity patterns of epoxyketone natural products. Rapid hemiacetal and hydrate formations decrease the reactivity of the epoxyketone moiety in aqueous media toward the cellular scavenger glutathione, and secondary 1,2-shift, elimination, aromatization and intramolecular aldol reactions provide novel reaction pathways. In a hydrophobic environment, the thiol-capture function of the ketone moiety facilitates electrophilic attack.

Fluorous Synthesis: Fluorous Protocols for the Ugi and Biginelli Multicomponent Condensations.

A new protocol for multicomponent condensation reactions that uses fluorous (highly fluorinated) substrates is introduced. This method takes advantage of the ease of purification of fluorous compounds by liquid-liquid extractions between fluorous and organic solvents. The application of this method to the Ugi and Biginelli reactions is described.

Fluorous synthesis: a fluorous-phase strategy for improving separation efficiency in organic synthesis.

Recovery and purification difficulties can limit the yield and utility of otherwise successful organic synthesis strategies. A "fluorous synthesis" approach is outlined in which organic molecules are rendered soluble in fluorocarbon solvents by attachment of a suitable fluorocarbon group. Fluorocarbon solvents are usually immiscible in organic solutions, and fluorous molecules partition out of an organic phase and into a fluorous phase in a standard liquid-liquid extraction.