Interaction between dietary fat and exercise on excess postexercise oxygen consumption.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of increased physical activity on subsequent sleeping energy expenditure (SEE) measured in a whole room calorimeter under differing levels of dietary fat. We hypothesized that increased physical activity would increase SEE. Six healthy young men participated in a randomized, single-blind, crossover study.

Public-private partnerships: the evolving role of industry funding in nutrition research.

The global burdens of morbidity and mortality associated with obesity-related chronic diseases are crippling public health and are predicted to exponentially increase over the next 3 decades. Meanwhile, the resources necessary to conduct research that may offer solutions to the obesity epidemic continue to decline and funding has become increasingly difficult to secure. Alternative models for funding nutrition and health research are necessary to make considerable and timely progress to improve public health.

Curvilinear dose-response relationship of carbohydrate (0-120 g·h(-1)) and performance.

Background: There is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal range of carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion rates recommended for endurance athletes.

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between CHO dose and cycling time trial performance to identify an optimal range of CHO ingestion rates for endurance performance.

Methods: Fifty-one cyclists and triathletes (28 ± 7 yr, mean ± SD) across four research sites completed four trials.

Fuel selection and cycling endurance performance with ingestion of [13C]glucose: evidence for a carbohydrate dose response.

Endurance performance and fuel selection while ingesting glucose (15, 30, and 60 g/h) was studied in 12 cyclists during a 2-h constant-load ride [approximately 77% peak O2 uptake] followed by a 20-km time trial. Total fat and carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation and oxidation of exogenous glucose, plasma glucose, glucose released from the liver, and muscle glycogen were computed using indirect respiratory calorimetry and tracer techniques. Relative to placebo (210+/-36 W), glucose ingestion increased the time trial mean power output (%improvement, 90% confidence limits: 7.

Serum sodium concentration changes are related to fluid balance and sweat sodium loss.

Purpose: This study determined if changes in serum sodium concentration are related to fluid balance as well as sweat sodium losses in triathletes competing in the Hawaii Ironman triathlon.

Methods: Endurance trained athletes (N = 46, age = 24-67 yr) were studied during 30 min of stationary cycling at 70%-75% of HRmax in a warm outdoor laboratory (26.4 degrees C +/- 1.

Carbohydrate and carbohydrate + protein for cycling time-trial performance.

Carbohydrate intake during endurance exercise delays the onset of fatigue and improves performance. Two recent cycling studies have reported increased time to exhaustion when protein is ingested together with carbohydrate. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that ingestion of a carbohydrate + protein beverage will lead to significant improvements in cycling time-trial performance relative to placebo and carbohydrate alone.

Effect of growth hormone on body composition and visceral adiposity in middle-aged men with visceral obesity.

Rationale: GH replacement in GH-deficient adults results in an improvement in metabolic status. GH might also decrease visceral adiposity in obese adults that are not GH deficient.

Objective: Our objective was to determine the effects of supraphysiological GH therapy on the metabolic syndrome and visceral adiposity in men with low blood levels of IGF-I and the durability of these effects after stopping GH therapy.

Sweat and sodium losses in NCAA football players: a precursor to heat cramps?

This observational study was designed to determine whether football players with a history of heat cramps have elevated fluid and sodium losses during training. During a "two-a-day" training camp, five Division I collegiate football players (20.2 +/- 1.

Gastrointestinal discomfort during intermittent high-intensity exercise: effect of carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage.

This study investigated whether different beverage carbohydrate concentration and osmolality would provoke gastrointestinal (GI) discomfort during intermittent, high-intensity exercise. Thirty-six adult and adolescent athletes were tested on separate days in a double-blind, randomized trial of 6 % and 8 % carbohydrate-electrolytes (CHO-E) beverages during four 12-min quarters (Q) of circuit training that included intermittent sprints, lateral hops, shuttle runs, and vertical jumps. GI discomfort and fatigue surveys were completed before the first Q and immediately after each Q.