Changes in Cognitive Function Following Bariatric Surgery: An Updated Systematic Review.

Since a previous systematic review published in 2016, there have been further studies investigating the association of changes in cognitive function following bariatric surgery. All studies since the original review that reported at least one element of cognitive function before and after bariatric surgery were eligible. A total of 137 additional studies were identified; 13 were included in addition to the 18 studies previously.

The effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on inflammatory biomarkers: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Aims: To conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on inflammatory biomarkers.

Methods: Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched for RCTs investigating the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on inflammatory biomarkers, adipokine profiles and insulin sensitivity.

Results: Thirty-eight RCTs were included (14 967 participants, 63.

Benefits in routinely measured liver function tests following bariatric surgery: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Bariatric surgery is well-established to support long-term metabolic health benefits associated with considerable weight loss. Here, we aim to determine the longer-term impact of bariatric surgery on liver enzymes and associations with other metabolic improvements.

Methods: One hundred patients who underwent bariatric surgery between 2007 and 2014 were included, and changes in liver enzymes, anthropometric measures and other parameters were observed over a mean 9.

Diabetes management in older adults who fall: a study amongst older adults presenting to the emergency department.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is associated with poor health outcomes whilst tight glycaemic targets are questionable in those aged over 70 years with increased frailty. Our aim was to examine whether people with T2D admitted to hospital with a fall, were more likely to have greater frailty, increased mortality and co-morbidity burden, or risk factors for falls than people without T2D, and whether these differences were associated with medications used for the treatment of T2D.

Methods: The Older Persons Assessment Service (OPAS) is a local emergency department (ED) service, which accepts patients on frailty criteria.

Natural history of pituitary apoplexy: a long-term follow-up study.

Background And Aims: Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is a rare neurosurgical emergency, associated with deficiency of one or more pituitary hormones. Few studies have explored the relative outcomes associated with conservative and neurosurgical intervention.

Methods: A retrospective evaluation of all patients with PA reviewed at Morriston Hospital was undertaken and diagnosis was obtained from Morriston database (Leicester Clinical Workstation database) between 1998 and 2019 from clinic letters and discharge summaries.

Achievement of the ESC recommendations for secondary prevention of cardiovascular risk factors in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes: A real-world national cohort analysis.

Aim: To assess compliance with European Society of Cardiology (ESC) secondary prevention recommendations in a nationwide contemporary population with diabetes mellitus (DM) and coronary artery disease.

Method: We conducted a retrospective observational study using linked health data in patients across Wales with DM undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (2012-2017). The follow-up was for one year.

A series of diabetic ketoacidosis associated with the use of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in secondary care.

Background And Aims: Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) are associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), however limited case series are published.

Methods: We evaluated the characteristics of patients admitted with SGLT-2i associated DKA.

Results: Over 4 months, 22 patients were identified; 45.

Diabetes mellitus: what the neurologists need to know.

Diabetes mellitus is a common condition associated with numerous complications and comorbidities. The diabetes spectrum includes type 1, type 2 and other forms of diabetes, which may be associated with medical therapies and genetic factors. Type 2 diabetes is managed with lifestyle, oral therapies, non-insulin-based injectables and subsequently insulin.

Personalized Type 2 Diabetes Management: An Update on Recent Advances and Recommendations.

Previous guidelines for the treatment of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) have relied heavily upon rigid algorithms for the sequential addition of pharmacotherapies to achieve target glycemic control. More recent guidelines advocate a personalized approach for diabetes treatment, to improve patient satisfaction, quality of life, medication adherence and overall health outcomes. Clinicians should work with patients to develop personalized goals for their treatment, including targeted glycemic control, weight management, prevention and treatment of associated comorbidities and avoidance of complications such as hypoglycemia.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists improve biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Aim: To conduct a meta-analysis and systematic review to examine the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on clinical biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that examined changes with GLP-1RAs in a priori selected biomarkers of inflammation: C-reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, interleukin-6, leptin; and of oxidative stress: malondialdehyde (MDA); 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α; and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG).

Results: We included 40 eligible RCTs (n = 6749) with a median follow-up of 6 months, a mean participant age of 53.

Real-World Clinical Experience of Semaglutide in Secondary Care Diabetes: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Introduction: The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor analogue (GLP-1RA) semaglutide is associated with improvements in glycaemia and cardiovascular risk factors in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to examine the real-world impact of semaglutide administered by injection in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) across three secondary care sites in Wales.

Methods: A retrospective evaluation of 189 patients with T2D initiated on semaglutide between January 2019 and June 2020 with at least one follow-up visit was undertaken.

A systematic review examining the effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress.

Aims: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have a protective cardiorenal effect in type 2 diabetes. This systematic review examines the effects of SGLT2is on clinical biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress.

Methods: A search of Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library was performed examining changes in selected clinical biomarkers for inflammation: c-reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and oxidative stress: 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG).

Chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes: Implications for managing glycaemic control, cardiovascular and renal risk.

This review examines the current literature relating to diabetes related kidney disease (DKD) and the optimal management of cardio-renal risk. DKD develops in approximately 40% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The mainstay of therapy is to reduce the progression of DKD by optimising hyperglycaemia, blood pressure, lipids and lifestyle.

Dapagliflozin is associated with improved glycaemic control and weight reduction at 44 months of follow-up in a secondary care diabetes clinic in the UK.

Background And Aims: We examined HbA1c and cardiovascular risk factors with a median follow-up of 44 months therapy with dapagliflozin.

Methods: We undertook a clinical practice evaluation of 101 patients attending our clinic.

Results: Dapagliflozin resulted in a significant reduction in HbA1c 82.

The impact of structured self-monitoring of blood glucose on glycaemic variability in non-insulin treated type 2 diabetes: The SMBG study, a 12-month randomised controlled trial.

Background And Aims: There is inconsistent evidence supporting the self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in people with non-insulin treated type 2 diabetes (T2D). Structured SMBG protocols have a greater impact on glycaemic control than unstructured SMBG and may improve measures of glycaemic variability (GV), though few previous studies have reported on specific GV outcomes. Our aim was to determine the impact of structured SMBG on simple measures of GV in people with T2D.

Temporal Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Adipokines, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Subjects with Impaired Glucose Homeostasis at 4 Years of Follow-up.

Background: Previous studies have examined changes in plasma markers of inflammation and oxidative stress up to 24 months following bariatric surgery, but there is limited evidence on the long-term effects of bariatric surgery.

Objectives: To examine the effects of bariatric surgery on adipokines (adiponectin, leptin), inflammatory cytokines [C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10(IL-10)] and global plasma measures of oxidative stress [thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total antioxidant status (TAOS) 1 and 6 months, and 4 years post-surgery in subjects with obesity and impaired glucose regulation.

Methods: A prospective study comprising of 19 participants (13 females, mean age 50.

Temporal effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on adipokines, inflammation, and oxidative stress in patients with impaired glucose homeostasis.

Background: Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for morbid obesity and metabolic dysfunction.

Objectives: The aim of this work was to examine the early temporal effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on adipokines (adiponectin, leptin), inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, interleukin-10), and global plasma measures of oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and total antioxidant status) in a sample of 55 participants preoperatively, and 1 and 6 months postoperatively. The focus was on a sample of patients with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes, which is associated with increased low-grade systemic inflammation and oxidative stress.

The influence of attachment orientation on weight loss, eating behaviour and other health outcomes among patients undergoing bariatric surgery: A scoping review.

Attachment orientation is a psychological factor concerning our expectations of ourselves and others in interpersonal relationships. An emerging literature has suggested that attachment orientation may influence a range of outcomes associated with bariatric surgery. The purpose of this scoping review was to map the literature and examine the role of attachment orientation in the context of bariatric surgery.

Inhaled corticosteroids in COPD and onset of type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis: matched cohort study.

Some studies suggest an association between onset and/or poor control of type 2 diabetes mellitus and inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and also between increased fracture risk and ICS therapy; however, study results are contradictory and these associations remain tentative and incompletely characterized. This matched cohort study used two large UK databases (1983-2016) to study patients (≥ 40 years old) initiating ICS or long-acting bronchodilator (LABD) for COPD from 1990-2015 in three study cohorts designed to assess the relation between ICS treatment and (1) diabetes onset (N = 17,970), (2) diabetes progression (N = 804), and (3) osteoporosis onset (N = 19,898). Patients had ≥ 1-year baseline and ≥ 2-year outcome data.

Effect of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy on Static and Dynamic Measures of Glucose Homeostasis and Incretin Hormone Response 4-Years Post-Operatively.

Introduction: There is limited literature available on the long-term effect of bariatric surgery especially laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on the incretin hormone response.

Aim: Our primary aim was to investigate changes in glucose metabolism and incretin hormone responses in participants with impaired glucose regulation approximately 4 years after LSG. The secondary aim was to examine the long-term incretin hormone changes of biliopancreatic diversion (BPD).