Case of metastatic epithelioid haemangioendothelioma from an unknown primary site associated with membranous nephropathy and hypercoagulable state.

We report a rare case of metastatic epithelioid haemangioendothelioma from an unknown primary site presenting with axillary lymph node metastases. The patient also had a new-onset membranous glomerulonephritis and thromboembolism, which we postulate were paraneoplastic. The pathogenesis of this rare cancer, the risk of misdiagnosis and membranous glomerulonephritis as a paraneoplastic syndrome are discussed.

Effect of two sports drinks on urinary lithogenicity.

The effect of commercial oral rehydration solutions ("sports drinks") relative to water on risk of nephrolithiasis has not been studied previously. We studied the effect of two sports drinks, Performance (Shaklee Corp., Pleasanton, CA, USA) and Gatorade (Gatorade, Chicago, IL, USA) on urinary chemistry and measures of lithogenicity in non-stone formers.

The role of continuous renal replacement therapy in the treatment of poisoning.

Extracorporeal elimination of drugs and toxins is a critical component in the management of poisonings, though specific techniques and indications remain a matter of debate. Conventional hemodialysis is frequently the treatment of choice because of its widespread availability and proven effectiveness for certain drugs and toxins. With the increased availability of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) modalities, there is yet another therapeutic option, but one that has yet to find a definitive role in this field.

The HIV-associated renal diseases: current insight into pathogenesis and treatment.

Since the description of a new renal syndrome in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the middle 1980s, much has been learned regarding the association of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and renal disease. The HIV-associated renal diseases represent a spectrum of clinical and histopathologic conditions. In this review, epidemiologic and clinical aspects of HIV-associated renal diseases are presented.