Uneven but Conservative Pacing Is Associated With Performance During Uphill and Downhill Running.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between pacing strategy and performance during uphill and downhill running-specifically, what distribution of energy corresponds to faster race finish times between and among participants.

Methods: Eighteen years of race data from a 10.2-mile running race with an uphill first half and a downhill second half were analyzed to identify relationships between pacing and performance.

Quantifying snowfall from orographic cloud seeding.

Climate change and population growth have increased demand for water in arid regions. For over half a century, cloud seeding has been evaluated as a technology to increase water supply; statistical approaches have compared seeded to nonseeded events through precipitation gauge analyses. Here, a physically based approach to quantify snowfall from cloud seeding in mountain cloud systems is presented.

Precipitation formation from orographic cloud seeding.

Throughout the western United States and other semiarid mountainous regions across the globe, water supplies are fed primarily through the melting of snowpack. Growing populations place higher demands on water, while warmer winters and earlier springs reduce its supply. Water managers are tantalized by the prospect of cloud seeding as a way to increase winter snowfall, thereby shifting the balance between water supply and demand.