Diffusion Tensor MRI Structural Connectivity and PET Amyloid Burden in Preclinical Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer Disease: The DIAN Cohort.

Background Pathologic evidence of Alzheimer disease (AD) is detectable years before onset of clinical symptoms. Imaging-based identification of structural changes of the brain in people at genetic risk for early-onset AD may provide insights into how genes influence the pathologic cascade that leads to dementia. Purpose To assess structural connectivity differences in cortical networks between cognitively normal autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease (ADAD) mutation carriers versus noncarriers and to determine the cross-sectional relationship of structural connectivity and cortical amyloid burden with estimated years to symptom onset (EYO) of dementia in carriers.

Amyloid Deposition Is Greater in Cerebral Gyri than in Cerebral Sulci with Worsening Clinical Diagnosis Across the Alzheimer's Disease Spectrum.

Background: Histopathologic studies have demonstrated differential amyloid-β (Aβ) burden between cortical sulci and gyri in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with sulci having a greater Aβ burden.

Objective: To characterize Aβ deposition in the sulci and gyri of the cerebral cortex in vivo among subjects with normal cognition (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD, and to evaluate if these differences could improve discrimination between diagnostic groups.

Methods: T1-weighted 3T MR and florbetapir (amyloid) positron emission tomography (PET) data were obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI).

Baseline Brain Segmental Volumes in Responders and Nonresponders to Anticholinergic Therapy for Overactive Bladder Syndrome.

Objective: Evaluate structural differences in brains of responders (R) and nonresponders (NR) to anticholinergic (AC) therapy for overactive bladder (OAB).

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of age matched women treated with an AC medication for OAB and underwent magnetic resonance imaging within 12 months before treatment. Data on pretreatment demographic and clinical variables and symptom severity was also collected.

The aging athlete: part 1, "boomeritis" of the lower extremity.

Objective: The purpose of this review is to describe the physiologic changes that occur in the musculoskeletal system during aging and the common injuries that occur in the lower extremity as a consequence of these changes. Several clinical presentations are addressed, and their differential diagnoses are discussed with an emphasis on the most likely injury for each presentation.

Conclusion: A unique quality of the newly aging group of people referred to as baby boomers is their expectation to continue exercising as they grow older, thus the incidence of exercise-induced injuries among older people is increasing.

Quantitative imaging biomarkers: the application of advanced image processing and analysis to clinical and preclinical decision making.

The importance of medical imaging for clinical decision making has been steadily increasing over the last four decades. Recently, there has also been an emphasis on medical imaging for preclinical decision making, i.e.

Anatomically anchored template-based level set segmentation: application to quadriceps muscles in MR images from the Osteoarthritis Initiative.

In this paper, we present a semi-automated segmentation method for magnetic resonance images of the quadriceps muscles. Our method uses an anatomically anchored, template-based initialization of the level set-based segmentation approach. The method only requires the input of a single point from the user inside the rectus femoris.

An automated method to segment the femur for osteoarthritis research.

In this paper we develop a fully automated method for the segmentation of the femur in axial MR images and its use in the analysis of imaging biomarkers for osteoarthritis (OA). The proposed method is based on anatomical constraints implemented using morphological operations to extract the femur medulla and a level set evolution to extract the femur cortex. The average agreement of the automated segmentation algorithm with ground truth manual segmentations was 0.

An automated method to detect interstitial adipose tissue in thigh muscles for patients with osteoarthritis.

In this paper we explore a method of segmentation of muscle interstitial adipose tissue (IAT) in MR images of the thigh. The objective is to apply the method towards research into biomarkers of osteoarthritis (OA). T1-weighted images of the thigh are intensity standardized through bias field correction and intensity normalization.

Image analysis for cystic fibrosis: automatic lung airway wall and vessel measurement on CT images.

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal genetic disorder in the Caucasian population, affecting about 30,000 people in the United States. It results in inflammation, hence thickening of airway (AW) walls. It has been demonstrated that AW inflammation begins early in life producing structural AW damage.

Temporal analysis of tumor heterogeneity and volume for cervical cancer treatment outcome prediction: preliminary evaluation.

In this paper, we present a method of quantifying the heterogeneity of cervical cancer tumors for use in radiation treatment outcome prediction. Features based on the distribution of masked wavelet decomposition coefficients in the tumor region of interest (ROI) of temporal dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) studies were used along with the imaged tumor volume to assess the response of the tumors to treatment. The wavelet decomposition combined with ROI masking was used to extract local intensity variations in the tumor.