Body fat has no effect on the maximal fat oxidation rate in young, normal, and overweight women.

The purpose of this study was to examine how fat mass affects the maximal fat oxidation rates of women. Fourteen active, healthy women (age, 21-31 years) with body composition ranging from 18.6 to 30.

Effects of different meal compositions after exercise on fat and carbohydrate oxidation in women with different levels of body fat.

We investigated the effects of consuming a high-carbohydrate meal (HC), high-fat meal (HF), or no meal (CON) following exercise on fat and carbohydrate oxidation (FAT-OX, CHO-OX) in women with differing levels of body fat. Healthy, physically active females were divided into a Lower Fat (<25% fat, n = 10) or Higher Fat (>25% fat, n = 9) group and tested on 4 occasions. During session 1, body composition and maximal oxygen consumption were determined.

Changes in height, body weight, and body composition in American football players from 1942 to 2011.

The purpose of this study was to document changes in height (cm), body weight (kg), and body composition (%fat) of American football players from 1942 to 2011. Published articles were identified from databases and cross-referencing of bibliographies. Studies selected met the requirements of (1) having 2 of 3 dependent (height, body weight, and body composition) variables reported in the results; (2) containing a skill level of college or professional; (3) providing measured not self-reported data; and (4) published studies in English language journals.

Resistance exercise and aerobic exercise when paired with dietary energy restriction both reduce the clinical components of metabolic syndrome in previously physically inactive males.

The purpose of this study was to compare resistance exercise training (RT) to aerobic exercise training (AE) on the clinical risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) in physically inactive overweight males (age 27-48 years). Subjects with at least one risk factor for MetSyn performed RT (n = 13, age 35.1 ± 4.

A comparison of normal versus low dietary carbohydrate intake on substrate oxidation during and after moderate intensity exercise in women.

We compared the effects of consuming a 2-day low-carbohydrate (CHO) diet (low-CHO; 20% CHO, 40% protein, 40% fat) versus an isocaloric 2-day moderate-CHO diet (mod-CHO; 55% CHO, 15% protein, 30% fat) on substrate oxidation during and after exercise in ten active, young women. Subjects were 24.9 ± 6.

Relationship between body composition, leg strength, anaerobic power, and on-ice skating performance in division I men's hockey athletes.

The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between laboratory tests and on-ice skating performance in division I men's hockey athletes. Twenty-one men (age 20.7 +/- 1.

Relationship between off-ice testing variables and on-ice speed in women's collegiate synchronized figure skaters: implications for training.

The purpose of the current investigation was to identify any existing relationships between off-ice performance measures and on-ice performance quantified by speed and acceleration. Twenty-seven women (age 19 +/- 1 year; body mass (59.5 +/- 6.

Glucose uptake after resistance training of different intensities but of equal work volume.

High-intensity (HI) resistance exercise augments postexercise glucose uptake to a greater degree than low-intensity (LO) resistance exercise; however, few studies have equated the work volumes between intensity levels. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of acute HI and LO resistance exercise of equal work volume on glucose uptake in resistant-trained men. Fifteen healthy male (22.

Changes in resting metabolic rate and substrate oxidation after 16 months of exercise training in overweight adults.

Purpose: To determine whether 16 months of moderate-intensity exercise training changes resting metabolic rate (RMR) and substrate oxidation in overweight young adults.

Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to nonexercise control (CON, 18 women, 15 men) or exercise (EX, 25 women, 16 men) groups. EX performed supervised and verified exercise 3-5 d/wk, 20-45 min/session, at 60-75% of heart-rate reserve.

Aerobic exercise alters postprandial lipemia in African American versus White women.

Purpose: To determine whether ethnicity influences postprandial lipemia after a bout of aerobic exercise.

Methods: Randomized crossover design. Healthy White (W; n=6) and African American (AA; n=6) women (age, W 27.

Resistance exercise and postprandial lipemia: The dose effect of differing volumes of acute resistance exercise bouts.

Introduction: Resistance exercise has been shown to reduce postprandial lipemia, but no dose-response effect has been established.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether prior resistance exercise exhibited a dose-response effect on postprandial lipemia, while controlling for energy balance.

Methods: Subjects were healthy resistance-trained men (n = 4) and women (n = 6) aged 23.

Effects of different macronutrient consumption following a resistance-training session on fat and carbohydrate metabolism.

The effect of consuming meals of different macronutrient content on substrate oxidation following resistance exercise was examined in 9 resistance-trained men (26.2 +/- 2.4 years).

Postprandial metabolism in resistance-trained versus sedentary males.

Introduction: This investigation examined if postprandial metabolism differed between resistance-trained [(RT), N = 12] and sedentary [(SED), N = 12] males. A secondary objective was to determine whether different resistance-training programs [bodybuilding (BB), N = 8 and power/weight-lifting (PL), N = 8] resulted in disparate effects on postprandial energy metabolism.

Methods: Moderate fat [(MF), 37% carbohydrate, 18% protein, and 45% fat] and high carbohydrate [(HC), 79% carbohydrate, 20% protein, and 1% fat] meals were randomly administered, and postprandial metabolism was measured for 240 min.

Effects of liquid carbohydrate ingestion on markers of anabolism following high-intensity resistance exercise.

We examined the effects of liquid carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation on markers of anabolism following high-intensity resistance exercise. Nine resistance-trained men consumed either CHO or placebo (PLC) 10 minutes before and immediately following 2 resistance exercise sessions. Cortisol (CORT), insulin (INS), ammonia (AMM), and glucose (GLU) were measured before, immediately after, and 1.

Influence of carbohydrate ingestion on cytokine responses following acute resistance exercise.

The effect of carbohydrate supplementation (CHO) on interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 5 (IL-5) secretion following acute resistance exercise was examined in 9 resistance-trained males. Subjects completed a randomized, double-blind protocol with exercise separated by 14 days. The exercise consisted of a high-intensity, short rest interval squat workout.

Effects of short-term training using powercranks on cardiovascular fitness and cycling efficiency.

Powercranks use a specially designed clutch to promote independent pedal work by each leg during cycling. We examined the effects of 6 wk of training on cyclists using Powercranks (n=6) or normal cranks (n=6) on maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and anaerobic threshold (AT) during a graded exercise test (GXT), and heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (VO2), respiratory exchange ration (RER), and gross efficiency (GE) during a 1-hour submaximal ride at a constant load. Subjects trained at 70% of VO2max for 1 h.

Effects of plyometric training and recovery on vertical jump performance and anaerobic power.

We examined the effects of 2 plyometric training programs, equalized for training volume, followed by a 4-week recovery period of no plyometric training on anaerobic power and vertical jump performance. Physically active, college-aged men were randomly assigned to either a 4-week (n = 19, weight = 73.4 +/- 7.

Glucose and insulin responses following 16 months of exercise training in overweight adults: the Midwest Exercise Trial.

The current study examined the insulin and glucose response during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in overweight young adults prior to and following exercise training in the Midwest Exercise Trial (MET). Subjects (N = 66) were randomly assigned to non-exercise control (CON; 16 females, 13 males) or exercise (EX; 22 females, 15 males) groups. EX performed supervised and verified exercise on 3 to 5 days per week in 20- to 45-minute sessions at 60% to 75% of heart rate reserve.

Elevated Anterior Compartment Pressure in the Leg After Creatine Supplementation: A Controlled Case Report.

OBJECTIVE: To report abnormal changes in lower leg anterior compartment pressure in 1 subject who consumed creatine as a dietary supplement. BACKGROUND: The subject received creatine at a dosage of 0.3 g.

Changes in Lower Leg Anterior Compartment Pressure Before, During, and After Creatine Supplementation.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if 35 days of creatine supplementation (Cr) followed by 28 days of no supplementation altered lower leg anterior compartment pressure (ACP) at rest and after exercise. DESIGN AND SETTING: Subjects were divided into 2 treatment groups: (1) high dose (0.3 g Cr.

Effects of a 16-month randomized controlled exercise trial on body weight and composition in young, overweight men and women: the Midwest Exercise Trial.

Background: In light of the current obesity epidemic, treatment models are needed that can prevent weight gain or provide weight loss. We examined the long-term effects of a supervised program of moderate-intensity exercise on body weight and composition in previously sedentary, overweight and moderately obese men and women. We hypothesized that a 16-month program of verified exercise would prevent weight gain or provide weight loss in the exercise group compared with controls.

Effects of environmental cooling on force production in the quadriceps and hamstrings.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of environmental cooling on force production in the quadriceps and hamstring muscles. Ten men (mean +/- SD: age = 21.4 +/- 2.

The effect of liquid carbohydrate ingestion on repeated maximal effort exercise in competitive cyclists.

We investigated the effects of carbohydrate ingestion during recovery from high-intensity exercise on subsequent high-intensity exercise in trained cyclists. Aerobic power was determined, and the competitive cyclists (N = 7) were familiarized with the 100-kJ test protocol (100 KJ-TEST). The subjects performed a first 100 KJ-TEST (RIDE-1), ingested 0.