Effect of a Delirium Screening Tool on Antipsychotic Medication Use in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Objective: Intensive care unit (ICU) delirium has been associated with increased length of hospital stay, morbidity, mechanical ventilation, and health care resource utilization. Antipsychotics are frequently used for ICU delirium management, despite a lack of robust evidence in the literature to support their benefit. Delirium screening may result in pharmacologic or non-pharmacologic treatment.

Effect of clevidipine on intracranial pressure in pediatric neurosurgical patients: a single-center retrospective review.

Objective: Hemodynamic management in pediatric neurosurgical patients is essential for maintaining cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), avoiding hemorrhage, and preventing secondary neurological injury. Antihypertensive infusions approved for pediatrics are not widely studied in the pediatric neurosurgical population and may have adverse effects on intracranial pressure (ICP), contributing to reduced CPP. Clevidipine is an ultra-rapid-acting intravenous antihypertensive agent used for hemodynamic control in adult surgical patients.

Drug Shortage and Critical Medication Inventory Management at a Children's Hospital During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Drug shortages have significantly affected the ability to provide care at pediatric institutions, particularly in the inpatient and critical care settings. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted additional challenges with drug supply chains. A working group consisting of pharmacy management, clinical pharmacists, and pharmacy buyers met regularly at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Use of Clevidipine for Hypertension in Pediatric Patients Receiving Mechanical Circulatory Support.

Objectives: Limited data exist regarding the management of hypertension in pediatric patients on mechanical circulatory support. Hypertension is a known risk factor for stroke and low cardiac output in patients requiring mechanical circulatory support and a narrow therapeutic window of blood pressure is often targeted. Traditional short-acting infusions to treat hypertension, such as sodium nitroprusside, may lead to accumulation of toxic metabolites in patients with renal dysfunction.

Model-Informed Precision Dosing of Vancomycin in Hospitalized Children: Implementation and Adoption at an Academic Children's Hospital.

Background: Model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) can serve as a powerful tool during therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to help individualize dosing in populations with large pharmacokinetic variation. Yet, adoption of MIPD in the clinical setting has been limited. Overcoming technologic hurdles that allow access to MIPD at the point-of-care and placing it in the hands of clinical specialists focused on medication dosing may encourage adoption.

Rasburicase versus intravenous allopurinol for non-malignancy-associated acute hyperuricemia in paediatric cardiology patients.

Objectives: Limited data exist for management of hyperuricemia in non-oncologic patients, particularly in paediatric cardiac patients. Hyperuricemia is a risk factor for acute kidney injury and may prompt treatment in critically ill patients. The primary objective was to determine if rasburicase use was associated with greater probability normalisation of serum uric acid compared to allopurinol.

An experimental and kinetic modeling study of the oxidation of the four isomers of butanol.

Butanol, an alcohol which can be produced from biomass sources, has received recent interest as an alternative to gasoline for use in spark ignition engines and as a possible blending compound with fossil diesel or biodiesel. Therefore, the autoignition of the four isomers of butanol (1-butanol, 2-butanol, iso-butanol, and tert-butanol) has been experimentally studied at high temperatures in a shock tube, and a kinetic mechanism for description of their high-temperature oxidation has been developed. Ignition delay times for butanol/oxygen/argon mixtures have been measured behind reflected shock waves at temperatures and pressures ranging from approximately 1200 to 1800 K and 1 to 4 bar.