Impact of Palliative Care Clinical Pharmacists in an Inpatient Care Setting on Total Health Care Expenditures.

Inpatient palliative care clinical pharmacy specialists (IPCPS) on multidisciplinary palliative care (PC) teams have expanding roles in the treatment of pain, nausea, and other symptoms for patients with serious illnesses. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and financial outcomes associated with an IPCPS on an inpatient PC team. This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in Colorado.

Practical actions for applied systematic conservation planning.

Systematic conservation planning is intended to inform spatially explicit decision making. Doing so requires that it be integrated into complex regulatory and governance processes, and there are limited instances where this has been achieved effectively. South Africa is a global leader in the application of conservation plans, the outputs of which are widely used for spatial planning and decision making in many spheres of government.