Prolonged drying trend coincident with the demise of Norse settlement in southern Greenland.

Declining temperature has been thought to explain the abandonment of Norse settlements, southern Greenland, in the early 15th century, although limited paleoclimate evidence is available from the inner settlement region itself. Here, we reconstruct the temperature and hydroclimate history from lake sediments at a site adjacent to a former Norse farm. We find no substantial temperature changes during the settlement period but rather that the region experienced a persistent drying trend, which peaked in the 16th century.

Increased Cuticle Waxes by Overexpression of WSD1 Improves Osmotic Stress Tolerance in and .

To ensure global food security under the changing climate, there is a strong need for developing 'climate resilient crops' that can thrive and produce better yields under extreme environmental conditions such as drought, salinity, and high temperature. To enhance plant productivity under the adverse conditions, we constitutively overexpressed a bifunctional () gene, which plays a critical role in wax ester synthesis in Arabidopsis stem and leaf tissues. The qRT-PCR analysis showed a strong upregulation of transcripts by mannitol, NaCl, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments, particularly in shoots.