Determinants of physical activity adoption and maintenance in older adults: A dual process approach.

Background: Dual process models represent a useful framework for explaining physical activity (PA) in that behavior is explained by reflective (i.e., conscious, effortful) and automatic (i.

Moving Beyond Mean Levels: Associations Between Subject-Level Variability in Psychological Determinants and Physical Activity in Older Adults.

Background: Research investigating the psychological determinants of physical activity (PA) tends to conceptualize determinants as stable, trait-like factors. Growing evidence suggests that people and the processes that regulate people's behavior fluctuate over short timescales (eg, hours and days). This study explores the extent to which subject-level variability (vs stability) in determinants of PA, as well as the interaction between subject-level mean and variability in those determinants, is associated with moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) in older adults.

Does Attraction Toward Physical Activity Predict Physical Activity Behavior in Older Adults?

Background/objectives: Few studies have investigated associations between the motivational outcome based on physical activity (PA) affective experiences (i.e., attraction vs.

Assessment of Interest in a Virtual Avatar-Based Nutrition Education Program Among Youth-Serving Community Partners.

Objective: Examine the appeal of a virtual avatar-led nutrition education program among youth-serving community partners in North Carolina.

Methods: We surveyed community partners using the Diffusion of Innovation Theory constructs of relative advantage, compatibility, and complexity. Logistic regression evaluated the appeal and likelihood of the program's future use.

Multi-Method Formative Evaluation of a Digital Online Grocery Shopping Assistant Among Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children Participants.

Objective: Assess the acceptability of a digital grocery shopping assistant among rural women with low income.

Design: Simulated shopping experience, semistructured interviews, and a choice experiment.

Setting: Rural central North Carolina Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children clinic.

Cyclic Formula Feeding Among Infants Participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.

Background: Low-income households often experience a cyclic pattern in food availability, with acute food shortages at month end. Variations in the monthly feeding of infant formula are understudied.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the amount and frequency of formula consumed at the beginning and end of the monthly Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) assistance cycle and test associations with total energy intake and other feeding practices among infants aged 7-11 mo.

Es Niño o Niña?: Gender Differences in Feeding Practices and Obesity Risk among Latino Infants.

Background: Obesity prevalence is significantly higher among Latino boys than girls. Weight status at 12 mo, a significant predictor of childhood obesity, is associated with feeding practices during infancy.

Objectives: The objectives were to examine breastfeeding and formula-feeding practices overall and by infant gender and to examine relations among infant gender, milk-feeding practices, and obesity risk among Latino infants over the first year of life.

Longitudinal Examination of Sexual Risk Behavior in College Students With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

The present study sought to identify differences in the rates and predictors of risky sexual behavior among college students with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Current ADHD diagnosis, medication status among those with ADHD, executive functioning, substance use, comorbid anxiety, comorbid depression, and gender were identified as potential predictors of increased risky sexual behavior. Multiple group latent growth curve modeling was used to estimate trajectories of risky sexual behavior across four years of college among college students with ADHD (n = 99, n = 105) and a comparison group (n = 217) recruited from colleges throughout the eastern United States (M age = 18.

Associations between early introduction to complementary foods, subsequent cereal-added bottle feeding and daily macronutrient intake among infants.

Introducing complementary foods early during infancy has been associated with an increased risk of overweight later in life, but the pathway is an understudied topic. Hence the study was conducted with low-income and primarily minority mother-infant dyads to: 1) understand how the introduction of complementary foods prior to 4 months was associated with socio-demographic characteristics and food security status; 2) determine the association between early introduction to complementary foods and breastfeeding and adding cereal into the bottle in later infancy (i.e.

Evidence of Geospatial and Socioeconomic Disparities in Access to Online Grocery Shopping for Fresh and Frozen Produce in North Carolina.

Background: Online grocery shopping is a rapidly growing food procurement approach in the United States with the potential to improve food access. Limited research has focused on understanding differential access to online grocery shopping that provides healthier items such as fresh or frozen fruits and vegetables.

Objective: The study aim was to understand geospatial, socioeconomic, and racial disparities in the availability of healthy online grocery shopping and online Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) acceptance in North Carolina.

Examination of the Cameroon DHS data to investigate how water access and sanitation services are related to diarrhea and nutrition among infants and toddlers in rural households.

Undernutrition among children is a significant issue in rural areas in Cameroon, with diarrhea being one of the major contributing risk factors. To gain a better understanding of the risk factors of diarrhea, the main objective of this epidemiological study was to examine associations between water access and sanitation service with diarrhea, diet diversity, and anemia among infants and toddlers in rural households in Cameroon. The study involved household- and individual-level data of 2,129 rural-dwelling infants and toddlers from the Demographic and Health Survey database.

Association of self-reported noise exposure and audiograms processed with algorithms proposed to quantify noise-induced hearing loss.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the association of self-reported noise exposure and audiograms processed with ten algorithms proposed to quantify noise-induced hearing loss using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Design: Participants were placed into groups based on self-reported noise exposure. Self-reported noise exposure served as a predictor for noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL).

An RCT of a CBT Intervention for Emerging Adults with ADHD Attending College: Functional Outcomes.

: The current study reports functional outcomes from a multi-site randomized trial of a cognitive-behavioral treatment program for college students diagnosed with ADHD.: A sample of emerging adults ( = 250; ages 18 to 30) currently attending college were comprehensively evaluated and diagnosed with ADHD ( = 19.7; 66% female, 6.

Academic Trajectories of College Students with and without ADHD: Predictors of Four-Year Outcomes.

: Completing a college degree is associated with success in employment, financial earnings, and life satisfaction. Mental health difficulties, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), can compromise degree completion.: We examined 4-year academic performance trajectories of 201 college students with ADHD (97 receiving medication [ADHD-Med], 104 not receiving medication [ADHD-NoMed]) relative to 205 non-ADHD Comparison students.

A randomized controlled trial examining CBT for college students with ADHD.

Objective: College students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk for numerous educational and psychosocial difficulties. This study reports findings from a large, multisite randomized controlled trial examining the efficacy of a treatment for this population, known as ACCESS-Accessing Campus Connections and Empowering Student Success.

Method: ACCESS is a cognitive-behavioral therapy program delivered via group treatment and individual mentoring across two semesters.

Quadriceps muscle volume positively contributes to ACL volume.

Females have smaller anterior cruciate ligaments (ACLs) than males and smaller ACLs have been associated with a greater risk of ACL injury. Overall body dimensions do not adequately explain these sex differences. This study examined the extent to which quadriceps muscle volume (VOL ) positively predicts ACL volume (VOL ) once sex and other body dimensions were accounted for.

FAMILY-LEVEL FACTORS AFFECTING SOCIAL AND ACADEMIC COMPETENCE OF AFRICAN AMERICAN CHILDREN.

Background: Research shows children's life trajectories and outcomes are strongly influenced by factors affecting development of social and academic competence that also interact with racial disparities in academic settings. Given the importance of social and academic competencies, identifying factors that promote these competencies among African American children is critical to their success over the life course.

Objective: This study examines a socioeconomically diverse sample of African American children to determine whether family-level factors promote and protect social and academic competence.

Effects of an aerobic fitness test on short- and long-term memory in elementary-aged children.

Meta-analytic evidence supports that exercise has benefits for short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM). However, only three studies with children have tested the differential effects of exercise on STM and LTM. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an aerobic fitness test on STM and LTM and to consider the moderating effects of grade level.

The Effect of Acute Exercise on Encoding and Consolidation of Long-Term Memory.

Evidence supports that acute exercise benefits long-term memory. However, it is unclear whether these effects are due to benefits to encoding or consolidation. The purpose of this study was to more effectively isolate encoding and consolidation to advance our understanding of the specific nature of the effects of exercise on long-term memory.

The Physical Activity and Alzheimer's Disease (PAAD) Study: Cognitive outcomes.

Background: Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disease that degrades cognitive functioning and ultimately results in death. Currently, there is no cure for Alzheimer's disease and, hence, the identification of preventative strategies is important. Physical activity (PA) is a behavioral intervention that holds promise with respect to delaying the onset of Alzheimer's disease.

Effects of prolonged and repeated immersions on heart rate variability and complexity in military divers.

Background: The influence of prolonged and repeated water immersions on heart rate variability (HRV) and complexity was examined in 10 U.S. Navy divers who completed six-hour resting dives on five consecutive days.

Interrelationship between food security status, home availability of variety of fruits and vegetables and their dietary intake among low-income pregnant women.

Objective: To (i) determine differences in the availability of variety of fruits and vegetables (F&V) at home by food security status; and (ii) examine the inter-associations between food security status, availability of variety of F&V at home and frequency of F&V intake, among low-income pregnant women. Design/Setting Participants were interviewed to collect food security status, home availability of variety of F&V and frequency of F&V intake. Bivariate analyses, multivariate regression and exploratory mediation analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23.

Synchrony Detection of Linguistic Stimuli in the Presence of Faces: Neuropsychological Implications for Language Development in ASD.

Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) may be impaired in their ability to detect audiovisual synchrony and their ability may be influenced by the nature of the stimuli. We investigated the possibility that synchrony detection is disrupted by the presence of human faces by testing children with ASD using a preferential looking language-based paradigm. Children with low language abilities were significantly worse at detecting synchrony when the stimuli include an unobscured face than when the face was obscured.