Intramuscular progesterone optimizes live birth from programmed frozen embryo transfer: a randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To determine whether vaginal progesterone for programmed endometrial preparation is noninferior to intramuscular progesterone in terms of live birth rates from frozen embryo transfer (FET).

Design: Three-armed, randomized, controlled noninferiority trial.

Setting: Multicenter fertility clinic.

Vitrified blastocyst transfer cycles with the use of only vaginal progesterone replacement with Endometrin have inferior ongoing pregnancy rates: results from the planned interim analysis of a three-arm randomized controlled noninferiority trial.

Objective: To assess the noninferiority of vaginal P (Endometrin) compared with daily intramuscular P for replacement in programmed vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer cycles and to assess the noninferiority of vaginal P in combination with intramuscular progesterone every third day compared with daily intramuscular P.

Design: Three-arm randomized controlled noninferiority study. To enable early recognition of inferiority if present, an a priori interim analysis was planned and completed once ongoing pregnancy data were available for 50% of the total enrollment goal.

Embryo afterloading: a refinement in embryo transfer technique that may increase clinical pregnancy.

Objective: Given the importance of ET technique during assisted reproductive technology cycles, we evaluated the effect of embryo afterloading subsequent to placement of the ET catheter on pregnancy rates vs. a standard direct ET.

Design: Retrospective cohort analysis.

A suboptimal endometrial pattern is associated with a reduced likelihood of pregnancy after a day 5 embryo transfer.

This retrospective study examined the association of endometrial pattern and pregnancy after a day 5 ET. The pregnancy rate of women with a triple-line ultrasound endometrial pattern on the day of hCG administration was significantly higher than the pregnancy rate of women with the other ultrasound patterns. This observation suggests that, in a subset of patients, a suboptimal endometrial lining may interfere with assisted reproductive technology success.