Public health impact of 2-, 4-, and 9-valent HPV vaccination in females on cervical and noncervical diseases in men and women under different coverage scenarios in China: A simulation study.

The high prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in China suggests there would be a substantial positive health impact of widespread vaccination against HPV. We adapted a previously described dynamic transmission model of the natural history of HPV infection and related diseases to the Chinese setting to estimate the public health impact in China of 2-valent (with and without cross-protection), 4-valent, and 9-valent HPV vaccination strategies. The model predicted the incidence and mortality associated with HPV-related diseases, including cervical and noncervical cancers, genital warts, and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), based on the various vaccination coverage rate (VCR) scenarios, over a 100-year time horizon.

Managing the Drug-Drug Interaction With Apixaban and Primidone: A Case Report.

The management of the drug-drug interaction (DDI) between primidone, a moderate to strong cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 3A4 inducer, and apixaban, a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) and CYP3A4 substrate is complex and limited evidence exists to guide management. This case report describes a 65-year-old male, receiving primidone for essential tremor who developed an acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) requiring oral anticoagulation. DOACs are preferred over vitamin K antagonists for acute VTE treatment.

Evaluating the Impact of a Pharmacist-Led Antimicrobial Stewardship Intervention at Discharge in a Community, Nonteaching Hospital.

Introduction: Approximately 30% to 50% of hospital discharge antimicrobials are inappropriate. Limited data exist on approaches to improve antimicrobial prescribing practices at the time of discharge from a community hospital. : To assess the impact of a comprehensive pharmacist-led antimicrobial stewardship intervention at discharge.

Evaluating the Use of Digital Biomarkers to Test Treatment Effects on Cognition and Movement in Patients with Lewy Body Dementia.

Background: PRESENCE was a Phase 2 trial assessing mevidalen for symptomatic treatment of Lewy body dementia (LBD). Participants received daily doses (10, 30, or 75 mg) of mevidalen (LY3154207) or placebo for 12 weeks.

Objective: To evaluate if frequent cognitive and motor tests using an iPad app and wrist-worn actigraphy to track activity and sleep could detect mevidalen treatment effects in LBD.

A Continuing Education Activity Durably Addressed Knowledge Gaps Related to Penicillin Allergies Among Pharmacists and Pharmacy Technicians.

Penicillin allergy is one of the most frequent self-reported allergies; however, only about 10% of reported allergies are accurate. Through the creation of a continuing pharmacy education (CPE) activity, we sought to assess knowledge gaps and comfort levels in the management of penicillin allergies. A 1-hour enduring-content CPE activity was offered as an interactive course from September 20, 2019, to September 20, 2020.

Impact of a novel preceptor collaborative advanced pharmacy practice experience curriculum on student-perceived ability and confidence.

Background And Purpose: A novel teaching collaborative for acute care medicine advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs) was formed by five faculty preceptors. The primary goal of the collaborative model was to ensure that acute care medicine APPEs provided students with opportunities to achieve Accreditation Council of Pharmacy Education Standards 2016, including strengthening students' ability to be practice- and team-ready.

Educational Activity And Setting: The collaborative model included group discussions, video modules, patient cases, journal scans, and case presentations among student pharmacists completing an adult or pediatric acute care APPE.

Successful Use of Apixaban for Paget-Schroetter Syndrome in a Pediatric Patient.

Paget-Schroetter syndrome (PSS) is a rare syndrome that typically develops in young, healthy males subjected to repetitive overhead motions resulting in compression and thrombosis of the subclavian vein. This "effort thrombosis" typically occurs acutely in patients with specific anatomic variations within the thoracic outlet and is treated by a combination of surgical and pharmacologic interventions. There is a paucity of literature regarding this syndrome, particularly surrounding pharmacotherapy, and in the treatment of pediatric patients.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of universal varicella vaccination in Turkey using a dynamic transmission model.

Background: In 2013, Turkey introduced one-dose universal varicella vaccination (UVV) at 12 months of age. Inclusion of a second dose is being considered.

Methods: We developed a dynamic transmission model to evaluate three vaccination strategies: single dose at 12 months (1D) or second dose at either 18 months (2D-short) or 6 years of age (2D-long).

Noncarbapenems for the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Bacteria.

Objectives: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing are resistant to many conventional therapies, including third-generation cephalosporins. Carbapenems are considered first-line agents for ESBL infections, but their use is associated with increased multidrug resistance and should be reserved when absolutely necessary. Because of the increased rates of UTIs caused by ESBL-producing organisms and incidence of carbapenem resistance, safe and effective alternatives to carbapenems are needed.

The Importance of Authentic Leadership to all Generations Represented within Academic Pharmacy.

Academic pharmacy spans several generations including traditionalists, baby boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y, commonly referred to as millennials. It has been suggested that leadership styles must change to accommodate these generational differences in academic pharmacy, yet there are no data of which we are aware, that support this assertion. We contend that leadership styles are derived from one's authentic self and are based on core beliefs and values; therefore, leadership styles must not change to accommodate a specific generation or other subset of academic pharmacy.

Novel oral anticoagulants for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

To review the use of the novel oral anticoagulant (NOAC) agents for the treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) from relevant clinical trial data. A MEDLINE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google-Scholar searches (1966-March 2016) were conducted using the keywords: thrombocytopenia, NOACs, dabigatran, apixaban, rivaroxaban, edoxaban, Xa inhibitor, direct thrombin inhibitor.

Enzymatic Stability of Alteplase Solution for Injection: Effect of Various Methods of Thawing Frozen Solutions.

Objective: To modify and evaluate an established chromogenic assay protocol for measuring plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) activity to measure tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activity and compare the enzymatic activity of alteplase as a function of the conditions under which it is thawed.

Methods: A 50 mg vial of alteplase was reconstituted with sterile water to make a 1 mg/mL stock solution (nominal concentration). Plastic syringes were loaded with 0.

Time to Guideline-Based Empiric Antibiotic Therapy in the Treatment of Pneumonia in a Community Hospital: A Retrospective Review.

Purpose: The 2005 American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America (ATS/IDSA) guidelines for hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and health care-associated pneumonia (HCAP) stress the importance of initiating prompt appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy. This study's purpose was to determine the percentage of patients with HAP, VAP, and HCAP who received guideline-based empiric antibiotic therapy and to determine the average time to receipt of an appropriate empiric regimen.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of adults with HAP, VAP, or HCAP was conducted at a community hospital in suburban Birmingham, Alabama.

Dolutegravir: An Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor for the Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 in Adults.

To review the efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, administration, drug interactions, and cost of dolutegravir (Tivicay), a third in class integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI), for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) in adults. : MEDLINE, , ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar searches (January 2000 to May 2014) were conducted for articles published in English and limited to human subjects, using the key words antiretroviral drugs, HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitors, dolutegravir, DTG, and S/GSK1349572.

A review of the efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To review the efficacy and safety of canagliflozin (CAN) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Data Sources: Studies were identified using PubMed, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, MEDLINE, Academic Search Premier, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar from 2011 to August 2013. The following key words were reviewed: canagliflozin, canagliflozin elderly, canagliflozin geriatrics, dapagliflozin, sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and SGLT2 receptor inhibitors.

Aclidinium bromide for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Purpose: The safety and efficacy of the second U.S.-approved long-acting inhaled anticholinergic for controlling bronchospasm in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are reviewed.

Avanafil for erectile dysfunction.

Objective: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of avanafil and evaluate relevant clinical trial data.

Data Sources: A MEDLINE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar searches (1966 to July 2013) were conducted using the key words: avanafil, erectile dysfunction, and phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor.

A review of warfarin dosing with concurrent acetaminophen therapy.

Warfarin is frequently used for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolism, yet it is associated with numerous drug interactions. Regarding over-the-counter pain medications, the preferred analgesic for those patients who are taking warfarin is acetaminophen. There are, however, reports of elevation in the international normalized ratio (INR) in those patients taking concurrent warfarin and acetaminophen.

Teplizumab for treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of teplizumab and evaluate relevant clinical trial data.

Data Sources: Searches of MEDLINE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, ClinicalTrials.gov, American Diabetes Association scientific posters, and Google Scholar (1966-May 2012) were conducted using the key words teplizumab, anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, MGA031, and hOKT3γ1 (Ala-Ala).

Clinical versus statistical significance: interpreting P values and confidence intervals related to measures of association to guide decision making.

Pharmacists need to apply outcomes from studies to reduce risk and improve patient care. Interpretation of outcomes is based on a variety of assessment tools, such as P values and confidence intervals (CIs). P values determine statistical significance of data, while CIs suggest the degree of clinical application.

Milnacipran for treatment of fibromyalgia.

Objective: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of milnacipran and evaluate relevant clinical trial data.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Google Scholar searches (1966-June 2010) were conducted using the key words fibromyalgia, milnacipran, and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. Searches were limited to articles published in English.

Assessing the clinical efficacy of sildenafil for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction.

Objective: To review the clinical data regarding the efficacy and safety of sildenafil for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction (FSD).

Data Sources: A MEDLINE search from 1950 to February 2009 was conducted using the key words sildenafil and female sexual dysfunction. Human studies and publication in English were used as primary limits.

Anthranilamide inhibitors of factor Xa.

SAR about the B-ring of a series of N(2)-aroyl anthranilamide factor Xa (fXa) inhibitors is described. B-ring o-aminoalkylether and B-ring p-amine probes of the S1' and S4 sites, respectively, afforded picomolar fXa inhibitors that performed well in in vitro anticoagulation assays.

Oral varenicline for smoking cessation.

Objective: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of varenicline and provide a review of relevant clinical data.

Data Sources: A MEDLINE search (2001-December 2006) was conducted using the key words varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy for clinical trials limited to human subjects and published in English.

Study Selection And Data Extraction: All available human trials of varenicline were selected for review.