Peripheral Defocus, Pupil Size, and Axial Eye Growth in Children Wearing Soft Multifocal Contact Lenses in the BLINK Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between peripheral defocus and pupil size on axial growth in children randomly assigned to wear either single vision contact lenses, +1.50 diopter (D), or +2.50 D addition multifocal contact lenses (MFCLs).

Quality of life after wearing multifocal contact lenses for myopia control for 2 weeks in the BLINK Study.

Purpose: To validate Pediatric Refractive Error Profile 2 (PREP2) subscales that can be used to evaluate contact lens wearers and compare vision-specific quality of life measurements between children wearing multifocal and single vision contact lenses for 2 weeks.

Methods: Two hundred and ninety-four myopic children aged 7-11 years (inclusive) were enrolled in the 3-year, double-masked Bifocal Lenses In Nearsighted Kids (BLINK) Study. Participants completed the PREP2 survey after having worn contact lenses for 2 weeks.

Accommodation in Children after 4.7 Years of Multifocal Contact Lens Wear in the BLINK Study Randomized Clinical Trial.

Significance: When worn for myopia control in children, soft multifocal contact lenses with a +2.50 D add reduced the accommodative response over a 3-year period, but wearing them for more than 4 years did not affect accommodative amplitudes, lag, or facility.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the accommodative response to a 3D stimulus between single-vision, +1.

Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Myopia is a common refractive error, where elongation of the eyeball causes distant objects to appear blurred. The increasing prevalence of myopia is a growing global public health problem, in terms of rates of uncorrected refractive error and significantly, an increased risk of visual impairment due to myopia-related ocular morbidity. Since myopia is usually detected in children before 10 years of age and can progress rapidly, interventions to slow its progression need to be delivered in childhood.

The Effect of Multifocal Soft Contact Lens Wear on Axial and Peripheral Eye Elongation in the BLINK Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare axial and peripheral eye elongation during myopia therapy with multifocal soft contact lenses.

Methods: Participants were 294 children (177 [60.2%] girls) age 7 to 11 years old with between -0.

Effect of Combining 0.01% Atropine with Soft Multifocal Contact Lenses on Myopia Progression in Children.

Significance: Combining 0.01% atropine with soft multifocal contact lenses (SMCLs) failed to demonstrate better myopia control than SMCLs alone.

Purpose: The Bifocal & Atropine in Myopia (BAM) Study investigated whether combining 0.

Ocular and Nonocular Adverse Events during 3 Years of Soft Contact Lens Wear in Children.

Significance: Children are being fitted at younger ages with soft contact lenses for myopia control. This 3-year investigation of adverse events related to contact lens wear in 7- to 11-year-old participants helps optometrists understand what to expect when fitting children with soft contact lenses.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to report the frequency and type of ocular and nonocular adverse events related to soft contact lens wear in children.

Symptoms and ocular findings associated with administration of 0.01% atropine in young adults.

Clinical Relevance: This paper provides eye care practitioners with important information about the potential side effects of 0.01% atropine.

Background: Eye care practitioners routinely administer 0.

Visual Performance with Spherical and Multifocal Contact Lenses in a Pediatric Population.

Significance: This pilot study compared subjective and objective vision of children wearing single-vision and +2.00, +3.00, and +4.

IMI Impact of Myopia.

The global burden of myopia is growing. Myopia affected nearly 30% of the world population in 2020 and this number is expected to rise to 50% by 2050. This review aims to analyze the impact of myopia on individuals and society; summarizing the evidence for recent research on the prevalence of myopia and high myopia, lifetime pathological manifestations of myopia, direct health expenditure, and indirect costs such as lost productivity and reduced quality of life (QOL).

IMI Prevention of Myopia and Its Progression.

The prevalence of myopia has markedly increased in East and Southeast Asia, and pathologic consequences of myopia, including myopic maculopathy and high myopia-associated optic neuropathy, are now some of the most common causes of irreversible blindness. Hence, strategies are warranted to reduce the prevalence of myopia and the progression to high myopia because this is the main modifiable risk factor for pathologic myopia. On the basis of published population-based and interventional studies, an important strategy to reduce the development of myopia is encouraging schoolchildren to spend more time outdoors.

Contact Lens Adaption in Neophytes.

Significance: Clinicians commonly either recommend patients begin contact lens (CL) wear full time or suggest that patients should gradually increase their wear times during the first few days of wear. This study found no differences between these two wear schedules, suggesting that patient preference may be the best schedule.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if there are any clinical differences in neophyte, 2-week, reusable soft CL wearers who were randomized to either a full-time or a gradually increasing wear time schedule.

Effect of High Add Power, Medium Add Power, or Single-Vision Contact Lenses on Myopia Progression in Children: The BLINK Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Slowing myopia progression could decrease the risk of sight-threatening complications.

Objective: To determine whether soft multifocal contact lenses slow myopia progression in children, and whether high add power (+2.50 D) slows myopia progression more than medium (+1.

Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children.

Background: Nearsightedness (myopia) causes blurry vision when one is looking at distant objects. Interventions to slow the progression of myopia in children include multifocal spectacles, contact lenses, and pharmaceutical agents.

Objectives: To assess the effects of interventions, including spectacles, contact lenses, and pharmaceutical agents in slowing myopia progression in children.

Bifocal & Atropine in Myopia Study: Baseline Data and Methods.

Significance: The Bifocal & Atropine in Myopia (BAM) study aims to determine whether combining 0.01% atropine and +2.50-diopter add center-distance soft bifocal contact lenses (SBCL) slows myopia progression more than SBCL alone.

Peripheral Refraction and Eye Lengths in Myopic Children in the Bifocal Lenses In Nearsighted Kids (BLINK) Study.

Purpose: Provide a detailed assessment of peripheral refractive error and peripheral eye length in myopic children.

Methods: Subjects were 294 children aged 7 to 11 years with -0.75 to -5.

IMI - Interventions Myopia Institute: Interventions for Controlling Myopia Onset and Progression Report.

Myopia has been predicted to affect approximately 50% of the world's population based on trending myopia prevalence figures. Critical to minimizing the associated adverse visual consequences of complicating ocular pathologies are interventions to prevent or delay the onset of myopia, slow its progression, and to address the problem of mechanical instability of highly myopic eyes. Although treatment approaches are growing in number, evidence of treatment efficacy is variable.

Food and Drug Administration, American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Academy of Optometry, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, American Optometric Association, American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, and Contact Lens Association of Ophthalmologists Co-Sponsored Workshop: Controlling the Progression of Myopia: Contact Lenses and Future Medical Devices.

The prevalence of myopia is high and increasing. Approximately 5 billion people around the world are expected to be myopic by the year 2050. Methods to slow the progression of myopia and therefore potentially decrease the associated sight-threatening complications have been the subject of a number of investigations.

Visual Acuity and Over-refraction in Myopic Children Fitted with Soft Multifocal Contact Lenses.

Significance: Practitioners fitting contact lenses for myopia control frequently question whether a myopic child can achieve good vision with a high-add multifocal. We demonstrate that visual acuity is not different than spectacles with a commercially available, center-distance soft multifocal contact lens (MFCL) (Biofinity Multifocal "D"; +2.50 D add).

Centration and Decentration of Contact Lenses during Peripheral Gaze.

Significance: Varying amounts of peripheral defocus reported in previous studies are likely due to whether peripheral defocus is measured while turning the eyes or the head. Contact lenses (CLs) lag when viewing objects in peripheral gaze, so future studies ought to measure peripheral defocus while turning the head to measure defocus through the peripheral add power.

Purpose: Soft multifocal CL peripheral defocus studies report varying results.

A Randomized Trial of Soft Multifocal Contact Lenses for Myopia Control: Baseline Data and Methods.

Significance: The Bifocal Lenses In Nearsighted Kids (BLINK) study is the first soft multifocal contact lens myopia control study to compare add powers and measure peripheral refractive error in the vertical meridian, so it will provide important information about the potential mechanism of myopia control.

Purpose: The BLINK study is a National Eye Institute-sponsored, double-masked, randomized clinical trial to investigate the effects of soft multifocal contact lenses on myopia progression. This article describes the subjects' baseline characteristics and study methods.