Outcomes for the first wave of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 in the South Australian context: a retrospective audit.

Background: The first case of corona virus disease (COVID-19) was detected in South Australia on 1 February 2020. The Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH) is the state's designated quarantine hospital.

Aim: To determine the characteristics, outcomes and predictors of outcomes for hospitalised patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) within the RAH.

γH2AX is increased in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Alzheimer's disease patients in the South Australian Neurodegeneration, Nutrition and DNA Damage (SAND) study of aging.

An early cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks is the phosphorylation of histone H2AX to form γH2AX. Although increased levels of γH2AX have been reported in neuronal nuclei of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, γH2AX responses in the lymphocytes of individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD remain unexplored. In this study, the endogenous γH2AX level was measured, using laser scanning cytometry (LSC) and visual scoring, in lymphocyte nuclei from MCI (n = 18), or AD (n = 20) patients and healthy controls (n = 40).

Guanine-quadruplexes are increased in mild cognitive impairment and correlate with cognitive function and chromosomal DNA damage.

Guanine-quadruplexes (G4) are highly stable DNA secondary structures known to mediate gene regulation and to trigger genomic instability events during replication. G4 are known to be associated with DNA damage and we propose that G4 are involved in the ageing disorder mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Lymphocytes were obtained from healthy controls and individuals with MCI.

Chromosomal DNA damage measured using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay is significantly associated with cognitive impairment in South Australians.

Loss of genome integrity may be associated with increased risk for neurodegenerative disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer's disease (AD) individuals have increased DNA damage relative to age- and gender- matched controls using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-Cyt) assay. DNA damage was measured as micronuclei (MN), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB), and nuclear buds (NBUD) in binucleated cells.

Altered cytological parameters in buccal cells from individuals with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.

Previous studies have shown that mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may be reflective of the early stages of more pronounced neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is a need for a minimally invasive and inexpensive diagnostic to identify those who exhibit cellular pathology indicative of MCI and AD risk so that they can be prioritized for primary preventative measures. The hypothesis was that a minimally invasive approach using cytological markers in isolated buccal mucosa cells can be used to identify individuals of both MCI and AD.

Buccal micronucleus cytome biomarkers may be associated with Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative disorder of the brain and is the commonest form of dementia. A buccal cytome assay was used to measure ratios of buccal cell populations and micronuclei in clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's patients compared to age and gender-matched controls. Frequencies of basal cells (P < 0.

Vasodepressor syncope and the diagnostic accuracy of the head-up tilt test with sublingual glyceryl trinitrate.

Thirteen syncopal subjects and thirteen asymptomatic controls were examined by head-up tilt (HUT) with and without sublingual GTN. Adding GTN to HUT improved the sensitivity of the test (8 % to 46%) but decreased specificity (100 % to 54 %).