Pharmacoepidemiology of combination pulmonary vasodilator therapy in critically ill infants.

Background: New drugs to target different pathways in pulmonary hypertension has resulted in increased combination therapy, but details of this use in infants are not well described. In this large multicenter database study, we describe the pharmacoepidemiology of combination pulmonary vasodilator therapy in critically ill infants.

Methods: We identified inborn infants discharged home from a Pediatrix neonatal ICU from 1997 to 2020 exposed to inhaled nitric oxide, sildenafil, epoprostenol, or bosentan for greater than two consecutive days.

Penetrating neck trauma in Operation Iraqi Freedom.

Objectives: To examine the surgical outcomes of penetrating neck trauma patients in Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and compare treatment and perioperative survival to historical data with low-velocity penetrating neck trauma seen in a noncombat clinical setting.

Study Design: Case series with chart review.

Setting: Air Force Theater Hospital at Balad Air Base, Iraq.

Traumatic airway management in Operation Iraqi Freedom.

Objectives: To examine the role of head and neck surgeons in traumatic airway management in Operation Iraqi Freedom and to understand the lessons learned in traumatic airway management to include a simple airway triage classification that will guide surgical management.

Study Design: Case series with chart review.

Setting: Air Force Theater Hospital at Balad Air Base, Iraq.

Facial trauma in Operation Iraqi Freedom casualties: an outcomes study of patients treated from April 2006 through October 2006.

This study investigates the postoperative complication rate in American military members treated for fractures of the facial skeleton with either immediate fixation in the Operation Iraqi Freedom combat theater or delayed fixation after transport out of the combat theater. Based on an army head and neck surgeon's case log, retrospective chart review was performed on 21 American active-duty patients evaluated for facial fractures in Balad, Iraq, between April 16, 2006, and October 30, 2006. Follow-up standardized patient interviews and review of electronic medical records were conducted to assess the postoperative clinical course and identify postoperative complications.

Innovations in military handling of facial trauma.

As the military medical treatment facilities of Operation Iraqi Freedom have transitioned from make-shift tent facilities to more formal fixed facilities, the capability to deliver more complex care has markedly improved. Using case presentations, the authors illustrate the integration of advances in surgical technology in managing complex and devastating craniofacial trauma at the 332nd Air Force Theater Hospital in Balad Iraq during Operation Iraqi Freedom 2006.

Primary branchiogenic carcinoma: the confusion continues.

As in many specialties, otolaryngology is not without diagnosis surrounded by controversy. This report discusses the entity known as the primary branchial cleft carcinoma, which has been argued by some to be no more than metastatic disease of the unknown primary. Although the disease is rare, the consideration of this diagnosis requires careful thought and analysis by the otolaryngologist, pathologist, and radiation oncologist so that a rational treatment plan can be offered to the patient.