Facial Hair in Hair Restoration Surgery: Beard Transplantation and Beard-To-Scalp Hair Restoration.

Restoration of the beard region has become an important component of hair restoration surgery due to increased awareness of its natural-appearing results. In the author's experience performing more than 700 primary beard hair transplants and tens of reparative procedures, key aesthetic steps include proper graft dissection so that one- and two-hair grafts contain a minimal cuff of surrounding skin, acute angulation and appropriate direction of recipient sites using the smallest possible recipient-site blades, and aesthetic design.

Gender-Affirmation Hair Transplantation Techniques.

Hair restoration can play an important role for transgender patients seeking gender-affirmation procedures. In our clinic, we have seen an increase in transgender patients seeking hair restoration. The most common hair restoration procedures performed in our clinic for the transgender patient are hairline lowering procedures, facial hair restoration procedures including eyebrow and beard transplantation, and body hair transplantation.

Hair Restoration in the Ethnic Patient.

Hair restoration surgery is a popular procedure among patients of all ethnic groups. Whether performing hair procedures to treat male and female pattern hair loss, or to restore eyebrows and beards, or to shorten overly high hairlines, the surgeon must consider differences in esthetic ideals, hair characteristics, and healing properties to achieve optimal results.

Odd Diffusivity of Chiral Random Motion.

Diffusive transport is characterized by a diffusivity tensor which may, in general, contain both a symmetric and an antisymmetric component. Although the latter is often neglected, we derive Green-Kubo relations showing it to be a general characteristic of random motion breaking time-reversal and parity symmetries, as encountered in chiral active matter. In analogy with the odd viscosity appearing in chiral active fluids, we term this component the odd diffusivity.

Time-reversal symmetry breaking in two-dimensional nonequilibrium viscous fluids.

We study the rheological signatures of departure from equilibrium in two-dimensional viscous fluids with and without internal spin. Under the assumption of isotropy, we provide the most general linear constitutive relations for stress and couple stress in terms of the velocity and spin fields. Invoking Onsager's regression hypothesis for fluctuations about steady states, we derive the Green-Kubo formulas relating the transport coefficients to time-correlation functions of the fluctuating stress.

Time reversal symmetry breaking and odd viscosity in active fluids: Green-Kubo and NEMD results.

Active fluids, which are driven at the microscale by non-conservative forces, are known to exhibit novel transport phenomena due to the breaking of time reversal symmetry. Recently, Epstein and Mandadapu [arXiv:1907.10041 (2019)] obtained Green-Kubo relations for the full set of viscous coefficients governing isotropic chiral active fluids, including the so-called odd viscosity, invoking Onsager's regression hypothesis for the decay of fluctuations in active non-equilibrium steady states.

Hairline-Lowering Surgery.

As an alternative to hair transplantation for lowering the overly high hairline, hairline-lowering/forehead-reduction surgery has several advantages, including unsurpassed density and immediate results. Appropriate candidates for this surgery must have a stable frontal hairline (thus excluding most men) and a fairly to very mobile scalp that will permit sufficient advancement to warrant this more "invasive" approach. The main objective of this surgery is the lowering of the hairline.

Follicular Unit Excision: Current Practice and Future Developments.

Hair transplantation, or hair restoration surgery (HRS) remains the only method to consistently restore hair in those experiencing pattern hair loss as well as hair loss from most other causes. HRS has been significantly improved with the development of follicular unit extraction, later renamed follicular unit excision, or FUE. This allows the surgeon to harvest grafts from the donor area without leaving a scar.

Cell Enriched Autologous Fat Grafts to Follicular Niche Improves Hair Regrowth in Early Androgenetic Alopecia.

Background: Adipose and adipose derived regenerative cells (ADRCs) play an increasing role in androgenetic alopecia.

Objectives: The authors sought to evaluate the safety and feasibility of fat grafts enriched with ADRCs in early androgenetic alopecia.

Methods: Seventy-one patients were treated: 16 with Puregraft fat and 1.

Statistical mechanics of transport processes in active fluids. II. Equations of hydrodynamics for active Brownian particles.

We perform a coarse-graining analysis of the paradigmatic active matter model, active Brownian particles, yielding a continuum description in terms of balance laws for mass, linear and angular momentum, and energy. The derivation of the balance of linear momentum reveals that the active force manifests itself directly as a continuum-level body force proportional to an order parameter-like director field, which therefore requires its own evolution equation to complete the continuum description of the system. We derive this equation, demonstrating in the process that bulk currents may be sustained in homogeneous systems only in the presence of interparticle aligning interactions.

Hair Transplantation Techniques for the Transgender Patient.

Hair transplantation can play a complementary role in the spectrum of gender transformation procedures sought by transgender patients undergoing gender transformation surgery. The authors' clinic has seen an increase in the demand for hair restoration in transgender patients. Hairline lowering, eyebrow transplantation, and pubic hair transplantation can play roles for male-to-female transgender patients whereas beard hair transplantation and body hair transplantation can play integral roles for female-to-male patients seeking gender transformation surgery.

Alopecia and techniques in hair restoration: an overview for the cosmetic surgeon.

Purpose: Alopecia is a debilitating disorder affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Although challenging to treat, advances in hair restoration technologies have led to multiple viable options with excellent clinical results. This paper seeks to provide an overview of hair loss and the currently utilized techniques in hair transplantation in order to serve as a reference source for the facial plastic surgeon.

Clinical Implications of Extensive Lymph Node Metastases for Resected Pancreatic Cancer.

Background: Outcomes of patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) and extensive lymph node metastases have not been fully characterized.

Methods: A total of 637 patients underwent resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) between 2002 and 2014 at the Thomas Jefferson University. Positive lymph node count (LNC) and positive lymph node ratio (LNR) were analyzed as predictors of cancer-specific outcomes, with a focus on outcomes of patients with extensive lymph node burden.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Stromal Vascular Fraction for Hair Loss: Current Status.

The current state of the applicability of cell therapy for the treatment of various conditions of hair loss reveals a promising and potentially effective role. Further research, based on published work to date, is indicated to further explore the potential roles of autologous fat grafting, mesenchymal stem cells, and stromal vascular fraction therapy. The authors' evolving experience matches these promising scientific findings.

Common Hepatic Artery Abutment or Encasement Is an Adverse Prognostic Factor in Patients with Borderline and Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer.

Background: Localized and unresectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) comprises one third of new diagnoses and includes borderline resectable (BR) and locally advanced (LA) unresectable disease. In a cohort of patients who were treated and followed at a single institution, we assessed clinical and radiographic predictors of outcome.

Methods: The study included 69 consecutive patients with BR or LA PDA.

Microscopic lymphovascular invasion is an independent predictor of survival in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Background and Objectives Despite routine inclusion of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) status in pathologic reports of resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDA), the clinical implications of LVI have not been well characterized. Methods This study is a retrospective review of 2640 patients who underwent a pancreatectomy for PDA at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, or Johns Hopkins Hospital (2003-2014). Clinical and pathologic records were extracted from institutional databases.

Ethnic considerations in hair restoration surgery.

Patients of different ethnicities have specific characteristics that are essential for hair transplant surgeons to understand so that aesthetic results can be achieved. In this article, the approaches of follicular unit extraction and follicular unit grafting or strip hair transplants for pattern hair loss are reviewed, along with the procedures of eyebrow and beard transplants and surgical hairline advancement/forehead reduction surgeries, within various ethnic groups.

Facial hair restoration: hair transplantation to eyebrows, beard, sideburns, and eyelashes.

Refinements in hair transplantation techniques allow the experienced surgeon to create natural-appearing facial hair transplants. Restoring eyebrows, beards/goatees, and sideburns have all become popular procedures, and the results can be outstanding. This article provides a comprehensive review of hair grafting techniques to achieve the best results in restoring various hair-bearing areas of the face, including the eyebrows, beard/goatee, and sideburns, and repairing the alopecic scarring from prior facial plastic surgery.