Automated pipeline for leaf spot severity scoring in peanuts using segmentation neural networks.

Background: Late and early leaf spot in peanuts is a foliar disease contributing to a significant amount of lost yield globally. Peanut breeding programs frequently focus on developing disease-resistant peanut genotypes. However, existing phenotyping protocols employ subjective rating scales, performed by human raters, who determine the severity of leaf spot infection.

Confirmation and inheritance of glufosinate resistance in an population from North Carolina.

A putative glufosinate-resistant population was reported in 2015 in Anson County, North Carolina. The results from dose-response assays conducted in the field suggested plants were surviving lethal rates of glufosinate. Dose-response assays conducted in the glasshouse determined the Anson County accession exhibited reduced susceptibility to glufosinate compared to three glufosinate-susceptible populations.

Autotetraploid Induction of Three A-Genome Wild Peanut Species, , , and .

A-genome species (AA; 2n = 2x = 20) are commonly used as secondary germplasm sources in cultivated peanut breeding, L. (AABB; 2n = 4x = 40), for the introgression of various biotic and abiotic stress resistance genes. Genome doubling is critical to overcoming the hybridization barrier of infertility that arises from ploidy-level differences between wild germplasm and cultivated peanuts.

Initiation of genomics-assisted breeding in Virginia-type peanuts through the generation of a reference genome and informative markers.

Introduction: Virginia-type peanut, , is the second largest market class of peanut cultivated in the United States. It is mainly used for large-seeded, in-shell products. Historically, Virginia-type peanut cultivars were developed through long-term recurrent phenotypic selection and wild species introgression projects.

The importance of dominance and genotype-by-environment interactions on grain yield variation in a large-scale public cooperative maize experiment.

High-dimensional and high-throughput genomic, field performance, and environmental data are becoming increasingly available to crop breeding programs, and their integration can facilitate genomic prediction within and across environments and provide insights into the genetic architecture of complex traits and the nature of genotype-by-environment interactions. To partition trait variation into additive and dominance (main effect) genetic and corresponding genetic-by-environment variances, and to identify specific environmental factors that influence genotype-by-environment interactions, we curated and analyzed genotypic and phenotypic data on 1918 maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids and environmental data from 65 testing environments.

The role of population and quantitative genetics and modern sequencing technologies to understand evolved herbicide resistance and weed fitness.

Evolution of resistance to multiple herbicides with different sites of action and of nontarget site resistance (NTSR) often involves multiple genes. Thus, single-gene analyses, typical in studies of target site resistance, are not sufficient for understanding the genetic architecture and dynamics of NTSR and multiple resistance. The genetics of weed adaptation to varied agricultural environments is also generally expected to be polygenic.

Molecular Dissection of Quantitative Variation in Bermudagrass Hybrids ( x ): Morphological Traits.

Bermudagrass ( (L.)) is the most important warm-season grass grown for forage or turf. It shows extensive variation in morphological characteristics and growth attributes, but the genetic basis of this variation is little understood.

TAT-BH4 and TAT-Bcl-xL peptides protect against sepsis-induced lymphocyte apoptosis in vivo.

Apoptosis is a key pathogenic mechanism in sepsis that induces extensive death of lymphocytes and dendritic cells, thereby contributing to the immunosuppression that characterizes the septic disorder. Numerous animal studies indicate that prevention of apoptosis in sepsis improves survival and may represent a potential therapy for this highly lethal disorder. Recently, novel cell-penetrating peptide constructs such as HIV-1 TAT basic domain and related peptides have been developed to deliver bioactive cargoes and peptides into cells.

Rosiglitazone reduces serum homocysteine levels, smooth muscle proliferation, and intimal hyperplasia in Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high methionine diet.

Homocysteine (Hcy) is a metabolite of the essential amino acid methionine. Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with vascular disease, particularly carotid stenosis. Rosiglitazone, a ligand of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma , attenuates balloon catheter-induced carotid intimal hyperplasia in type 2 diabetic rats.