Ipilimumab-induced Adenohypophysitis and Orbital Apex Syndrome: Importance of Early Diagnosis and Management.

Ipilimumab is a novel anti-melanoma agent known to infrequently cause multi-organ autoimmunity. We report a case of pituitary hypophysitis and orbital inflammation followed by an orbital apex syndrome. A 64-year-old woman with a history of skin melanoma, receiving ipilimumab treatment, was seen for near total loss of vision in the right eye and proptosis.

Neuroimaging "HINTS" of the Lateral Medullary Syndrome.

A series of neuroimaging studies illustrates many of the key findings of the lateral medullary syndrome.

Free Floating Thrombus in Carotid Artery in a Patient with Recurrent Strokes.

We present a case of 72-year-old male with reported past medical history of recurrent transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) presenting with myriad of neurological symptoms. Patient was transferred from outlying hospital with complaints of right sided facial droop and dysarthria. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed high grade proximal left internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis along with interesting finding of a free floating thrombus (FFT) in the left ICA.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging characteristics of cerebral Blastomycosis.

Background: Blastomycosis is a dimorphic fungus that is endemic to the midwest and southwestern United States. Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is thought to only represent 5-10% of cases of disseminated Blastomycosis.

Case Description: A 54-year-old Caucasian female presented to the Neurosurgery service with a 1-day history of progressive right sided hemiparesis.

Cortical vision loss as a prominent feature of H1N1 encephalopathy.

A 20-year-old woman infected with the 2009 H1N1 strain of influenza A developed bilateral visual loss. Brain MRI showed restricted diffusion of the parietal and occipital lobes, and her spinal fluid did not contain inflammatory cells. This report describes an unusual case of H1N1 influenza A virus infection primarily affecting the posterior visual pathways.

Radiology update in neuro-ophthalmology.

Purpose Of Review: Radiologic imaging is indispensible for the diagnosis and management of many neuro-ophthalmologic conditions. Advances in the radioimaging of neuro-ophthalmologic disorders may evolve from the clinical or the radiological side, meaning there is a constant stream of new information for the clinician.

Recent Findings: Functional MRI, diffusion tensor MRI, magnetization transfer imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy are examples of nonstandard radiographic techniques, which have expanded the knowledge of neuro-ophthalmologic conditions.

Spine infection/inflammation.

This article discusses the imaging of infectious and other inflammatory conditions that affect the spinal cord, spinal column, intradural spinal nerve roots, and spinal meninges with emphasis on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Inflammatory lesions of the spine are often indistinguishable on imaging and even on pathologic examination. However, infectious causes are treatable so it is important for the radiologist to make the diagnosis.