Radiation doses from venous access procedures.

Purpose: To retrospectively analyze radiation dose data for six common venous access procedures.

Materials And Methods: Institutional review board approval was obtained for this HIPAA-compliant study; informed consent was not required. Data review was limited to a quality assurance database.

Radiation doses in interventional radiology procedures: the RAD-IR Study. Part III: Dosimetric performance of the interventional fluoroscopy units.

Purpose: To present the physics data supporting the validity of the clinical dose data from the RAD-IR study and to document the performance of dosimetry-components of these systems over time.

Materials And Methods: Sites at seven academic medical centers in the United States prospectively contributed data for each of 12 fluoroscopic units. All units were compatible with International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard 60601-2-43.

Radiation doses in interventional radiology procedures: the RAD-IR study: part II: skin dose.

Purpose: To determine peak skin dose (PSD), a measure of the likelihood of radiation-induced skin effects, for a variety of common interventional radiology and interventional neuroradiology procedures, and to identify procedures associated with a PSD greater than 2 Gy.

Materials And Methods: An observational study was conducted at seven academic medical centers in the United States. Sites prospectively contributed demographic and radiation dose data for subjects undergoing 21 specific procedures in a fluoroscopic suite equipped with built-in dosimetry capability.

Radiation doses in interventional radiology procedures: the RAD-IR study: part I: overall measures of dose.

Purpose: To determine patient radiation doses for interventional radiology and neuroradiology procedures, to identify procedures associated with higher radiation doses, and to determine the effects of various parameters on patient doses.

Materials And Methods: A prospective observational study was performed at seven academic medical centers. Each site contributed demographic and radiation dose data for subjects undergoing specific procedures in fluoroscopic suites equipped with built-in cumulative dose (CD) and dose-area-product (DAP) measurement capability compliant with International Electrotechnical Commission standard 60601-2-43.

Minimizing radiation-induced skin injury in interventional radiology procedures.

Skin injury is a deterministic effect of radiation. Once a threshold dose has been exceeded, the severity of the radiation effect at any point on the skin increases with increasing dose. Peak skin dose is defined as the highest dose delivered to any portion of the patient's skin.