Identification of leaf rust resistance loci in hard winter wheat using genome-wide association mapping.

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt), is a serious constraint to wheat production. Developing resistant varieties is the best approach to managing this disease. Wheat leaf rust resistance (Lr) genes have been classified into either all-stage resistance (ASR) or adult-plant resistance (APR).

Evaluation of wheat blast resistance in the USDA hard winter wheat ( L.) Northern and Southern Regional Performance Nurseries.

Wheat blast, caused by the pathotype of , is an emerging disease that threatens the global supply of wheat. The pathogen was first reported in Brazil and subsequently spread to the neighboring countries of Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay. More recently, wheat blast was reported in Asia and Africa, having been observed in Bangladesh and Zambia.

Enrichment and Diversification of the Wheat Genome via Alien Introgression.

Wheat, including durum and common wheat, respectively, is an allopolyploid with two or three homoeologous subgenomes originating from diploid wild ancestral species. The wheat genome's polyploid origin consisting of just three diploid ancestors has constrained its genetic variation, which has bottlenecked improvement. However, wheat has a large number of relatives, including cultivated crop species (e.

Discovery of Proline-Based p300/CBP Inhibitors Using DNA-Encoded Library Technology in Combination with High-Throughput Screening.

E1A binding protein (p300) and CREB binding protein (CBP) are two highly homologous and multidomain histone acetyltransferases. These two proteins are involved in many cellular processes by acting as coactivators of a large number of transcription factors. Dysregulation of p300/CBP has been found in a variety of cancers and other diseases, and inhibition has been shown to decrease Myc expression.

Cytogenetic and genomic characterization of a novel tall wheatgrass-derived Fhb7 allele integrated into wheat B genome.

We identified and integrated the novel FHB-resistant Fhb7 allele into wheat B genome and made it usable in both common and durum wheat breeding programs without yellow flour linkage drag. A novel tall wheatgrass-derived (Thinopyrum elongatum, genome EE) Fhb7 allele, designated Fhb7, was identified and integrated into the wheat B genome through a small 7B-7E translocation (7BS·7BL-7EL) involving the terminal regions of the long arms. Fhb7 conditions significant Type II resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat.

Genomic compatibility and inheritance of hexaploid-derived Fusarium head blight resistance genes in durum wheat.

Hexaploid-derived resistance genes exhibit complex inheritance and expression patterns in tetraploid backgrounds. This study aimed to characterize the inheritance patterns and genomic compatibilities of hexaploid-derived Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance genes in tetraploid durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.).

Effects of foliar fungicide on yield, micronutrients, and cadmium in grains from historical and modern hard winter wheat genotypes.

Plant breeding and disease management practices have increased the grain yield of hard winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) adapted to the Great Plains of the United States during the last century. However, the effect of genetic gains for seed yield and the application of fungicide on the micronutrient and cadmium (Cd) concentration in wheat grains is still unclear.

Genome-Wide Association Analysis Pinpoints Additional Major Genomic Regions Conferring Resistance to Soybean Cyst Nematode ( Ichinohe).

Soybean cyst nematode ( Ichinohe) (SCN) is the most destructive pest affecting soybeans [ (L.) Merr.] in the U.

Discovery of a crystalline sulforaphane analog with good solid-state stability and engagement of the Nrf2 pathway in vitro and in vivo.

The antioxidant natural product sulforaphane (SFN) is an oil with poor aqueous and thermal stability. Recent work with SFN has sought to optimize methods of formulation for oral and topical administration. Herein we report the design of new analogs of SFN with the goal of improving stability and drug-like properties.

3,5-Disubstituted-indole-7-carboxamides as IKKβ Inhibitors: Optimization of Oral Activity via the C3 Substituent.

IκB kinase β (IKKβ or IKK2) is a key regulator of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and has received attention as a therapeutic target. Herein we report on the optimization of a series of 3,5-disubstituted-indole-7-carboxamides for oral activity. In doing so, we focused attention on potency, ligand efficiency (LE), and physicochemical properties and have identified compounds and ()- as having robust in vivo activity.

Molecular and Cytogenetic Characterization of the 5DS-5BS Chromosome Translocation Conditioning Soft Kernel Texture in Durum Wheat.

The durum wheat ( ssp. (Desf.) Husn.

Genetic mapping and validation of the loci controlling 7S α' and 11S A-type storage protein subunits in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.].

Four soybean storage protein subunit QTLs were mapped using bulked segregant analysis and an F population, which were validated with an F RIL population. The storage protein globulins β-conglycinin (7S subunit) and glycinin (11S subunits) can affect the quantity and quality of proteins found in soybean seeds and account for more than 70% of the total soybean protein. Manipulating the storage protein subunits to enhance soymeal nutrition and for desirable tofu manufacturing characteristics are two end-use quality goals in soybean breeding programs.

Analytical approaches for quantification of a Nrf2 pathway activator: overcoming bioanalytical challenges to support a toxicity study.

Activation of the Nrf2 stress pathway is known to play an important role in the defense mechanism against electrophilic and oxidative damage to biological macromolecules (DNA, lipids, and proteins). Chemical inducers of Nrf2 such as sulforaphane, dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera®), CDDO-Me (bardoxolone-methyl), and 3-(dimethylamino)-4-((3-isothiocyanatopropyl)(methyl)amino)cyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione (a synthetic sulforaphane analogue; will be referred to as ) have the ability to react with Keap1 cysteine residues, leading to activation of the Antioxidant Response Element (ARE). Due to their electrophilic nature and poor matrix stability, these compounds represent great challenges when developing bioanalytical methods to evaluate in vivo exposure.

p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors for the treatment of chronic cardiovascular disease.

p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) has been implicated in cardiovascular disease and is activated by various factors, including neurohormones (e.g., catecholamines, angiotensin II and endothelin), hypoxia and wall stress.

p38 MAP kinases: key signalling molecules as therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases.

The p38 MAP kinases are a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that play important roles in cellular responses to external stress signals. Since their identification about 10 years ago, much has been learned of the activation and regulation of the p38 MAP kinase pathways. Inhibitors of two members of the p38 family have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in preclinical disease models, primarily through the inhibition of the expression of inflammatory mediators.

N-Phenyl-N-purin-6-yl ureas: the design and synthesis of p38alpha MAP kinase inhibitors.

The design, synthesis and SAR of a series of 2,6,9-trisubstituted purine inhibitors of p38alpha kinase is reported. Synthetic routes were devised to allow for array synthesis in which all three points of diversity could be facilely explored. The binding of this novel series to p38alpha kinase, which was predicted to have several key interactions in common with SB-203580, was confirmed by X-ray crystallography of 19 (p38 IC(50)=82 nM).