Complications associated with the use of the recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins for posterior interbody fusions of the lumbar spine.

Study Design: Systematic review.

Objective: The objectives of this review are to examine the spectrum of complications that have been reported in the literature after posterior interbody fusions of the lumbar spine augmented with bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and discuss potential methods for their prevention.

Summary Of Background Data: The use of BMPs for spinal arthrodesis procedures has increased dramatically during the past decade.

ProDisc-L learning curve: 24-Month clinical and radiographic outcomes in 44 consecutive cases.

Background: Total disc replacement (TDR) promises preservation of spine biomechanics in the treatment of degenerative disc disease but requires more careful device placement than tradition fusion and potentially has a more challenging learning curve.

Methods: A cohort of 44 consecutive patients had 1-level lumbar disc replacement surgery at a single institution by a single surgeon. Patients were followed up clinically and radiographically for 24 months.