A three-dimensional parametric adult head model with representation of scalp shape variability under hair.

Modeling the shape of the scalp and face is essential for the design of protective helmets and other head-borne equipment. However, head anthropometry studies using optical scanning rarely capture scalp shape because of hair interference. Data on scalp shape is available from bald men, but female data are generally not available.

Comparison of univariate and multivariate anthropometric design requirements methods for flight deck design application.

Designing aircraft cockpits to accommodate the wide range of body sizes and shapes existing in the world population has always been a difficult problem for crew station engineers. There is no consensus on the best method for obtaining measurements for body forms that statistically represent the variation within a population. The aim of this research is to compare the two most commonly used anthropometric approaches for dimension specification and flight deck design: the boundary cases multivariate and the percentile univariate.