Bell pepper endornavirus alters green peach aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) host choice and population dynamics.

Bell pepper endornavirus (BPEV) Alphaendornavirus capsici (Endornaviridae) is an RNA virus that infects many pepper (Capsicum annuum) horticultural types and is seed transmitted. BPEV does not cause apparent symptoms and is found at every plant developmental stage. During the domestication of bell pepper, plant breeders, unaware of the existence of endornaviruses in the germplasm, selected endornavirus-infected genotypes.

Adaptive Pressure Control-Continuous Mandatory Ventilation Versus Volume Control-Continuous Mandatory Ventilation: Factors Associated With Initiation, Maintenance, and Adjustment.

Background: Adaptive pressure control-continuous mandatory ventilation (APC-CMV) is a frequently utilized ventilator mode in ICU settings. This analysis compared APC-CMV and traditional volume control-continuous mandatory ventilation (VC-CMV) mode, describing factors associated with initiation, maintenance, and changes in settings of each mode.

Methods: We analyzed ventilator data from a retrospective electronic health record data set collected as part of a quality improvement project in a single academic ICU.

Evidence for Two Soybean Looper Strains in the United States with Limited Capacity for Cross-Hybridization.

The noctuid moth soybean looper (SBL), (Walker) is an economically important pest of soybeans ( (L.) Merr.) in the southeastern United States.

Investigating the Migratory Behavior of Soybean Looper, a Major Pest of Soybean, through Comparisons with the Corn Pest Fall Armyworm Using Mitochondrial Haplotypes and a Sex-Linked Marker.

The Noctuid moth soybean looper (SBL), (Walker), is an economically important pest of soybean ( (Linnaeus) Merrill). Because it is not known to survive freezing winters, permanent populations in the United States are believed to be limited to the southern regions of Texas and Florida, yet its geographical range of infestations annually extend to Canada. This indicates annual migrations of thousands of kilometers during the spring and summer growing season.

Effects of Floquet Engineering on the Coherent Exciton Dynamics in Monolayer WS.

Coherent optical manipulation of electronic bandstructures via Floquet Engineering is a promising means to control quantum systems on an ultrafast time scale. However, the ultrafast switching on/off of the driving field comes with questions regarding the limits of the Floquet formalism (which is defined for an infinite periodic drive) through the switching process and to what extent the transient changes can be driven adiabatically. Experimentally addressing these questions has been difficult, in large part due to the absence of an established technique to measure coherent dynamics through the duration of the pulse.

The impact of thiamethoxam on the feeding and behavior of 2 soybean herbivore feeding guilds.

Over the past few decades, inadvertent consequences have stemmed from the intensified use of neonicotinoids in agroecosystems. Neonicotinoid applications can result in both positive (e.g.

Elucidating the insecticidal mechanisms of zein nanoparticles on Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae).

Previous research suggested that positively charged zein nanoparticles [(+)ZNP] were toxic to neonates of Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner and deleterious to noctuid pests. However, specific modes of action for ZNP have not been elucidated. Diet overlay bioassays attempted to rule out the hypothesis that A.

Evaluation of Hemp (Cannabis sativa) (Rosales: Cannabaceae) as an Alternative Host Plant for Polyphagous Noctuid Pests.

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a reemerging crop in the United States with increasing outdoor acreage in many states. This crop offers a potential host for polyphagous, defoliating lepidopteran pests currently present in Louisiana.

Interactions between Fermi polarons in monolayer WS.

Interactions between quasiparticles are of fundamental importance and ultimately determine the macroscopic properties of quantum matter. A famous example is the phenomenon of superconductivity, which arises from attractive electron-electron interactions that are mediated by phonons or even other more exotic fluctuations in the material. Here we introduce mobile exciton impurities into a two-dimensional electron gas and investigate the interactions between the resulting Fermi polaron quasiparticles.

Catalyzing systemic movement of inward rectifier potassium channel inhibitors for antifeedant activity against the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii (Glover).

Background: The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a destructive agricultural pest, capable of photosynthate removal and plant virus transmission. Therefore, we aimed to test the antifeedant properties of small-molecule inhibitors of inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channels expressed in insect salivary glands and develop an approach for enabling systemic movement of lipophilic Kir inhibitors.

Results: Two Kir channel inhibitors, VU041 and VU730, reduced the secretory activity of the aphid salivary glands by 3.

Profile of commercialized aphicides on the survivorship and feeding behavior of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii.

The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the most destructive agricultural pests due to photosynthate removal and horizontal transmission of plant viruses. Horizontal transmission of plant viruses by aphids occurs during distinct feeding behavioral events, such as probing for non-persistent viruses or phloem feeding for persistent viruses. We employed toxicity bioassays and electrical penetration graph (EPG) methodology to compare toxicity and quantify changes to feeding behavior and toxicity of A.

Life History of Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Positively Charged Zein Nanoparticles.

Research indicates that nanoparticles can be an effective agricultural pest management tool, though unintended effects on the insect must be evaluated before their use in agroecosystems. Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) was used as a model to evaluate chronic parental and generational exposure to empty, positively charged zein nanoparticles ((+)ZNP) and methoxyfenozide-loaded zein nanoparticles (+)ZNP(MFZ) at low-lethal concentrations. To determine concentration limits, an acute toxic response test on meridic diet evaluated (+)ZNP(MFZ) and technical grade methoxyfenozide using two diet assay techniques.

Effects of engineered lignin-graft-PLGA and zein-based nanoparticles on soybean health.

The majority of published research on the effect of engineered nanoparticles on terrestrial plant species is focused on inorganic nanoparticles, with the effects of organic polymeric nanoparticles (NP) on plants remaining largely unexplored. It is critical to understand the impact of polymeric NPs on plants if these particles are to be used as agrochemical delivery systems. This study investigates the effect of biodegradable polymeric lignin-based nanoparticles (LNPs) and zein nanoparticles (ZNP) on soybean plant health.

Predator-Pest Dynamics of Arthropods Residing in Louisiana Soybean Agroecosystems.

Over the past two decades, management practices within Louisiana soybean production have shifted. Successful application of an integrated pest management (IPM) strategy requires an understanding of how these changes have affected predator-pest dynamics. Surveys monitoring foliage-foraging arthropod populations in soybean took place across six locations within Louisiana over six years (2012-2014 and 2015-2018).

Sugarcane Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Sorghum. I. Population Characteristics and Dispersion Patterns in Relation to Different Sample Unit Sizes.

The sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner), has emerged as a serious pest of sorghum in the United States. Field trials were conducted in Louisiana and South Carolina in 2016-2018 to investigate its population characteristics and distribution patterns in relation to four sample unit sizes (three circular and one leaf based). Sugarcane aphid populations usually progressed through a phase of rapid rise followed by a phase of rapid decline within a span of 5-6 wk, with peak density determined by sorghum cultivars and climatic conditions.

Elucidating Efficacy of Ingested Positively Charged Zein Nanoparticles Against Noctuidae.

A meridic diet overlay bioassay using empty, positively charged zein nanoparticles ((+)ZNP) was performed on soybean looper (Chrysodeixis includens (Walker)), tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens (F.)), and velvetbean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Assessment of effects on mortality and development weights 7 d after ingestion of (+)ZNP were evaluated on larvae of each species.

In-phase sub-Nyquist lenslet arrays encoded onto spatial light modulators.

When encoding diffractive lenses onto a spatial light modulator (SLM), there is a Nyquist limit to the smallest focal length that can be formed. When this limit is surpassed, a two-dimensional array of lenslets is formed. There have been very few discussions on the performance of these lenslets.

Evaluating Behavioral Responses of Selected Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to Spinosad.

Southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) and redbanded stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) are two of the most important seed sucking pests affecting Louisiana soybean production and rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax (F.) is an important late season pest in Louisiana rice.

Supertransport of excitons in atomically thin organic semiconductors at the 2D quantum limit.

Long-range and fast transport of coherent excitons is important for the development of high-speed excitonic circuits and quantum computing applications. However, most of these coherent excitons have only been observed in some low-dimensional semiconductors when coupled with cavities, as there are large inhomogeneous broadening and dephasing effects on the transport of excitons in their native states in materials. Here, by confining coherent excitons at the 2D quantum limit, we first observed molecular aggregation-enabled 'supertransport' of excitons in atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) organic semiconductors between coherent states, with a measured high effective exciton diffusion coefficient of ~346.

Persistent coherence of quantum superpositions in an optimally doped cuprate revealed by 2D spectroscopy.

Quantum materials displaying intriguing magnetic and electronic properties could be key to the development of future technologies. However, it is poorly understood how the macroscopic behavior emerges in complex materials with strong electronic correlations. While measurements of the dynamics of excited electronic populations have been able to give some insight, they have largely neglected the intricate dynamics of quantum coherence.

The Lipid Flippases ALA4 and ALA5 Play Critical Roles in Cell Expansion and Plant Growth.

Aminophospholipid ATPases (ALAs) are lipid flippases involved in transporting specific lipids across membrane bilayers. Arabidopsis () contains 12 ALAs in five phylogenetic clusters, including four in cluster 3 (ALA4-ALA7). / and /, are expressed primarily in vegetative tissues and pollen, respectively.

The optical properties of CsPbBr-CsPbBr perovskite composites.

Although the optoelectronic applications of metal halide perovskites have been intensively investigated in recent years, the fundamental carrier dynamics of zero-dimensional (0D) Cs4PbBr6 perovskites has been relatively underexplored; in particular, the nature of the green fluorescence is highly debated. Nevertheless, the unique photophysical properties are of immense interest for a variety of potential applications. In this work, the green emission of the CsPbBr3-Cs4PbBr6 perovskite composites is studied using temperature dependent photoluminescence (PL).

Encoding lenses with focal lengths lower than the Nyquist limit using high phase-modulation displays.

Liquid crystal displays allow the easy implementation of diffractive optical elements. However, the shortest focal lengths for lenses are limited by Nyquist conditions. In this work, we show that focal lengths much lower than this Nyquist limit can be encoded onto devices having a large phase-dynamic range.

Simulation of multimode optical fibers using the angular spectrum algorithm and a Fourier analysis.

Multimode optical fibers are gaining increased interest for higher data rate transmissions. In this work, we examine the propagation of beams in multimode optical fibers using the angular spectrum method for several values for the propagation constant V. We prepare a sequence of 4096 images over 200,000 steps, each representing a wavelength within the fiber.

Determining Potential Hosts of Melanaphis sacchari (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the Louisiana Agroecoscape.

Although Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is known worldwide for its injury to sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum L., and sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, M.