Impact of sea ice transport on Beaufort Gyre liquid freshwater content.

The Arctic Ocean's Beaufort Gyre (BG) is a wind-driven reservoir of relatively fresh seawater, situated beneath time-mean anticyclonic atmospheric circulation, and is covered by mobile pack ice for most of the year. Liquid freshwater accumulation in and expulsion from this gyre is of critical interest due to its potential to affect the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and due to the importance of freshwater in modulating vertical fluxes of heat, nutrients and carbon in the ocean, and exchanges of heat and moisture with the atmosphere. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that wind-driven sea ice transport into/from the BG region influences the freshwater content of the gyre and its variability.

Antiemetic use and chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting related hospitalization costs after highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy.

Despite numerous available antiemetics, chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) still affects many patients, and CINV related hospitalizations and costs often result. PrecisionQ analyzed its database to evaluate CINV related hospitalizations and costs following antiemetics use including netupitant/fosnetupitant with palonosetron (NEPA), aprepitant/fosaprepitant with ondansetron (APON) or aprepitant/fosaprepitant with palonosetron (APPA) in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Database analysis identified 15,583 patient records (807 NEPA, 2023 APON, 12,753 APPA) and mean CINV related hospitalization costs were lower across all patients receiving NEPA (US$301) compared with patients receiving APON ($1006, p < 0.

On the effects of the ocean on atmospheric CFC-11 lifetimes and emissions.

The ocean is a reservoir for CFC-11, a major ozone-depleting chemical. Anthropogenic production of CFC-11 dramatically decreased in the 1990s under the Montreal Protocol, which stipulated a global phase out of production by 2010. However, studies raise questions about current overall emission levels and indicate unexpected increases of CFC-11 emissions of about 10 Gg ⋅ yr after 2013 (based upon measured atmospheric concentrations and an assumed atmospheric lifetime).

Incorporation of Transcranial Doppler into the ED for the neurocritical care patient.

Introduction: In the catastrophic neurologic emergency, a complete neurological exam is not always possible or feasible given the time-sensitive nature of the underlying disease process, or if emergent airway management is indicated. As the neurologic exam may be limited in some patients, the emergency physician is reliant on the assessment of brainstem structures to determine neurological function. Physicians thus routinely depend on advanced imaging modalities to further investigate for potential catastrophic diagnoses.

Toward a consistent modeling framework to assess multi-sectoral climate impacts.

Efforts to estimate the physical and economic impacts of future climate change face substantial challenges. To enrich the currently popular approaches to impact analysis-which involve evaluation of a damage function or multi-model comparisons based on a limited number of standardized scenarios-we propose integrating a geospatially resolved physical representation of impacts into a coupled human-Earth system modeling framework. Large internationally coordinated exercises cannot easily respond to new policy targets and the implementation of standard scenarios across models, institutions and research communities can yield inconsistent estimates.

The ocean's role in polar climate change: asymmetric Arctic and Antarctic responses to greenhouse gas and ozone forcing.

In recent decades, the Arctic has been warming and sea ice disappearing. By contrast, the Southern Ocean around Antarctica has been (mainly) cooling and sea-ice extent growing. We argue here that interhemispheric asymmetries in the mean ocean circulation, with sinking in the northern North Atlantic and upwelling around Antarctica, strongly influence the sea-surface temperature (SST) response to anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing, accelerating warming in the Arctic while delaying it in the Antarctic.

A whole transcriptomal linkage analysis of gene co-regulation in insecticide resistant house flies, Musca domestica.

Background: Studies suggest that not only is insecticide resistance conferred via multiple gene up-regulation, but it is mediated through the interaction of regulatory factors. However, no regulatory factors in insecticide resistance have yet been identified, and there has been no examination of the regulatory interaction of resistance genes. Our current study generated the first reference transcriptome from the adult house fly and conducted a whole transcriptome analysis for the multiple insecticide resistant strain ALHF (wild-type) and two insecticide susceptible strains: aabys (with morphological recessive markers) and CS (wild type) to gain valuable insights into the gene interaction and complex regulation in insecticide resistance of house flies, Musca domestica.

Minor neck trauma in chronic ankylosing spondylitis: a potentially fatal combination.

Long-standing ankylosing spondylitis may predispose a patient to serious cervical injury in the setting of minor trauma. Early diagnosis is essential to a favorable outcome. We report a 75-year-old man whose relatively minor trauma in the setting of AS resulted in a cervical fracture and callus formation, which masqueraded as a tumor.

Limitations of ischemic tolerance in oxidative skeletal muscle: perfusion vs tissue protection.

Objectives: This study determined if ischemic tolerance occurs in oxidative skeletal muscle following a severe ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) insult and if such protection involves the induction of nitric oxide synthase (NOS).

Methods: The soleus muscle of male Wistar rats (250-350 g) was preconditioned (PC + I/R) using five cycles of ischemia (10 min) and reperfusion (10 min) or had no PC (I/R) and 24 h later 2 h no-flow ischemia was induced. Calcium dependent (cNOS) and independent (iNOS) NOS activities were determined from PC (n = 5), or sham (n = 5) and the role of iNOS was tested by application of aminoguanidine (AMG) (100 microM; n = 4) to the muscle bath.