Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Therapy: Permanent Pacemakers, Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators, and Cardiac Resynchronization Devices.

Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) provide lifesaving therapy for the treatment of bradyarrhythmias, ventricular tachyarrhythmias, and advanced systolic heart failure. Advances in CIED therapy have expanded the number of patients receiving permanent pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators, and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices. These devices improve quality of life and, in many cases, reduce mortality.