Systemic Influences of Mammary Cancer on Monocytes in Mice.

There is a growing body of evidence that cancer causes systemic changes. These influences are most evident in the bone marrow and the blood, particularly in the myeloid compartment. Here, we show that there is an increase in the number of bone marrow, circulating and splenic monocytes by using mouse models of breast cancer caused by the mammary epithelial expression of the polyoma middle T antigen.

Long-term High-Resolution Intravital Microscopy in the Lung with a Vacuum Stabilized Imaging Window.

Metastasis to secondary sites such as the lung, liver and bone is a traumatic event with a mortality rate of approximately 90% . Of these sites, the lung is the most difficult to assess using intravital optical imaging due to its enclosed position within the body, delicate nature and vital role in sustaining proper physiology. While clinical modalities (positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT)) are capable of providing noninvasive images of this tissue, they lack the resolution necessary to visualize the earliest seeding events, with a single pixel consisting of nearly a thousand cells.

The predictive value of 18 and 22 week uterine artery Doppler in patients with low first trimester maternal serum PAPP-A.

Objective: To determine if the addition of uterine artery (UA) Doppler pulsatility index (PI) at 18 and 22 weeks of gestation improves the predictive accuracy of low first trimester pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) in the detection of adverse obstetrical outcomes.

Methods: This was a prospective interventional study. All women undergoing first trimester combined screening (FTS) at a single center, with a low maternal serum PAPP-A level (<0.