Computational simulation of cranial soft tissue expansion on the cranium during early postnatal growth in humans.

The importance of interactions between neighbouring rapidly growing tissues of the head during development is recognised, yet this competition for space remains incompletely understood. The developing structures likely interact through a variety of mechanisms, including directly genetically programmed growth, and are mediated via physiological signalling that can be triggered by structural interactions. In this study, we aimed to investigate a different but related potential mechanism, that of simple mechanical plastic deformation of neighbouring structures of the head in response to soft tissue expansion during human postnatal ontogeny.

Use of peri-incisional liposomal bupivacaine was not different than placebo regarding pain score or rescue analgesia in a randomized clinical trial of 83 dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of peri-incisional liposomal bupivacaine (LB) on postoperative pain scores, opioid use after soft tissue surgeries, and incidence of incision site complications in dogs.

Methods: Client-owned dogs (n = 83) were enrolled in a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical study for dogs undergoing a variety of soft tissue surgical procedures between March 31, 2021, and August 18, 2022. After incision closure, an injection of a placebo (0.

Therapeutic targeting of neuroinflammation in methamphetamine use disorder.

Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive illicit psychostimulant with a significant annual fatality rate. Emerging studies highlight its role in neuroinflammation and a range of neurological disorders. This review examines the current landscape of potential drug targets for managing neuroinflammation in METH use disorders (MUDs), with a particular focus on the rationale behind targeting Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and other promising targets.

Widening the phenotypic spectrum caused by pathogenic variants in individuals with neonatal diabetes.

Introduction: Biallelic variants are a rare cause of isolated pancreatic agenesis and neonatal diabetes (NDM) without exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, with 17 cases reported in the literature.

Research Design And Methods: To determine the phenotypic variability caused by this rare genetic aetiology, we investigated 19 individuals with NDM resulting from biallelic disease-causing variants.

Results: Of the 19 individuals, 8 (42%) were confirmed to have exocrine insufficiency requiring replacement therapy.

Inaugural Australian urology bootcamp for early-career medical officers: improving knowledge, skills, and confidence to prepare for registrar years.

Background: Surgical bootcamps provide hands-on learning opportunities for junior doctors and trainees in low-pressure, non-clinical environments. Participants develop skills, knowledge, and confidence in preparation for their registrar years. A number of international urology-specific bootcamps have demonstrated improvements in these technical and non-technical domains.

Traumatic brain injury in companion animals: Pathophysiology and treatment.

Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are common in dogs and cats that have sustained head trauma from a variety of causes. In moderate to severe TBI, damage from both the primary and secondary injuries can be life-threatening. TBI management may be further complicated by concurrent injuries in polytrauma patients.

Comparison of remote and in-person respiratory function grading of brachycephalic dogs.

Objective: To compare the reliability of respiratory function grading (RFG) scores assigned in-person and remotely via video and electronic stethoscope recordings, evaluated by novice and expert graders.

Study Design: Prospective study.

Sample Population: Fifty-seven brachycephalic dogs.

Biopsy of Brain Lesions.

Brain biopsy is essential for accurate diagnosis but is frequently avoided in veterinary medicine because of doubts about its safety, reliability, and clinical value. Data available from human and veterinary investigations suggest that such doubts are largely unwarranted. Many devices are available to guide minimally invasive biopsy but some can be costly to purchase and use, which can be problematic in veterinary medicine.

Evaluating the Efficacy of ChatGPT as a Patient Education Tool in Prostate Cancer: Multimetric Assessment.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, such as ChatGPT, have made significant progress. These chatbots, particularly popular among health care professionals and patients, are transforming patient education and disease experience with personalized information. Accurate, timely patient education is crucial for informed decision-making, especially regarding prostate-specific antigen screening and treatment options.

Hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis presenting as a pedunculated bladder mass.

Extrahepatic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a sign of advanced disease with poor prognosis. Haematogenous metastasis to the urinary bladder is extremely rare. We describe a case of a 66-year-old male with advanced HCC that developed HCC metastasis to the bladder.

Large bladder diverticulum causing direct extrinsic compression of the left ureter.

Bladder diverticula are herniations of the bladder mucosa through the muscular layer and can be congenital or acquired. Acquired bladder diverticula are almost always associated with bladder outlet obstruction. Bladder diverticula are uncommon and often asymptomatic, however, can present with non-specific lower urinary tract symptoms, haematuria, or urinary tract infection.

Diving into broad-scale and high-resolution population genomics to decipher drivers of structure and climatic vulnerability in a marine invertebrate.

Species with widespread distributions play a crucial role in our understanding of climate change impacts on population structure. In marine species, population structure is often governed by both high connectivity potential and selection across strong environmental gradients. Despite the complexity of factors influencing marine populations, studying species with broad distribution can provide valuable insights into the relative importance of these factors and the consequences of climate-induced alterations across environmental gradients.

Causal Agent Investigation and Treatment of Dogs Diagnosed with Discospondylitis in a Endemic Region.

Discospondylitis is a well-recognized disease in dogs, but the relative prevalence of causal infectious agents and efficiency of relevant diagnostic tests are not well-established. Medical record review identified 117 dogs diagnosed with discospondylitis in our clinic over a 5-year period. In 32 dogs, discospondylitis was diagnosed as an incidental imaging finding; 24 of these dogs had concomitant neoplasia.

Variation in genomic vulnerability to climate change across temperate populations of eelgrass ().

A global decline in seagrass populations has led to renewed calls for their conservation as important providers of biogenic and foraging habitat, shoreline stabilization and carbon storage. Eelgrass () occupies the largest geographic range among seagrass species spanning a commensurately broad spectrum of environmental conditions. In Canada, eelgrass is managed as a single phylogroup despite occurring across three oceans and a range of ocean temperatures and salinity gradients.

Predicting the future of our oceans-Evaluating genomic forecasting approaches in marine species.

Climate change is restructuring biodiversity on multiple scales and there is a pressing need to understand the downstream ecological and genomic consequences of this change. Recent advancements in the field of eco-evolutionary genomics have sought to include evolutionary processes in forecasting species' responses to climate change (e.g.

Randomized Controlled Trial of Durotomy as an Adjunct to Routine Decompressive Surgery for Dogs With Severe Acute Spinal Cord Injury.

Although many interventions for acute spinal cord injury (SCI) appear promising in experimental models, translation directly from experimental animals to human patients is a large step that can be problematic. Acute SCI occurs frequently in companion dogs and may provide a model to ease translation. Recently, incision of the dura has been highlighted in both research animals and human patients as a means of reducing intraspinal pressure, with a view to improving perfusion of the injured tissue and enhancing functional recovery.

Comparison of urological outcomes and quality of life after pelvic exenteration: partial vs radical cystectomy.

Objective: To compare perioperative morbidity, functional and quality-of-life (QoL) outcomes in patients with partial cystectomy vs radical cystectomy as part of pelvic exenteration.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of pelvic exenteration patients (1998-2021) was conducted in a single centre. Study outcomes included postoperative complications, quality-of-life, functional and stoma-related outcomes.

Longitudinal Changes in the Body Mass Index of British Army Pilots.

Aircraft are manufactured according to design parameters that must account for the size and physical characteristics of the pilot. While cockpit dimensions, seats, restraints, and related components do not change substantially over the airframe lifecycle, it is conceivable that the occupant may, even if initially well-suited. This investigation focused on longitudinal body mass index (BMI) changes within a cohort of British Army Air Corps pilots.

Improved early and late continence following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy with concurrent bladder neck fascial sling (RoboSling).

Objective: To describe a novel RoboSling technique performed at the time of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and its utility for enhancing urinary function recovery postoperatively.

Materials And Methods: The surgical technique involves harvesting a vascularised, fascial flap from the peritoneum on the posterior aspect of the bladder. Following completion of prostatectomy, the autologous flap is tunnelled underneath the bladder and incorporated into the rectourethralis and vertical longitudinal detrusor fibres at the posterior bladder neck with a modified Rocco suture.

Understanding Acceptability of Group Leisure Activities Used to Address Loneliness Among People Living With Dementia: An Exploratory Mixed-Methods Study.

This mixed-methods complementarity study explored family members', friends', and health care providers' perspectives of acceptability of group leisure activities as an intervention for loneliness experienced by older adults living with dementia. A sample of 25 family members, friends, and health care providers of people living with dementia in ON rated the acceptability of group leisure activities (adapted Treatment Perception and Preference questionnaire) and discussed their ratings in an interview. Quantitative (descriptive statistics) and qualitative (conventional content analysis) results were integrated to understand acceptability.

Postnatal growth and spatial conformity of the cranium, brain, eyeballs and masseter muscles in the macaque (Macaca mulatta).

Spatial growth constraints in the head region can lead to coordinated patterns of morphological variation that pleiotropically modify genetically defined phenotypes as the tissues compete for space. Here we test for such architectural modifications during rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) postnatal ontogeny. We captured cranium and brain shape from 153 MRI datasets spanning 13 to 1090 postnatal days and tested for patterns of covariation with measurements of relative brain, eyeball, and masseter muscle size as well as callosal tract length.

The "Claw Sign" may aid in axial localization in cases of peripherally located canine glioma on MRI.

The "claw sign" is a radiographic sign studied in human imaging to determine if a mass arises from a solid structure or organ versus a close adjacent location, resulting in distortion of the outline of an organ. We investigated its utility in characterizing MRI axial localization of peripherally located intracranial glioma versus meningioma, due to their overlap in MRI appearance. This retrospective, secondary analysis, cross-sectional study aimed to report the sensitivity, specificity, and inter- and intraobserver variabilities using kappa statistics, hypothesizing that the claw sign will have strong inter- and intraobserver agreement (κ > 0.

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Detects Myocardial Abnormalities in Naturally Infected Dogs with Chronic Asymptomatic Chagas Disease.

infection causes inflammation and fibrosis, resulting in cardiac damage in dogs. The objectives of this study were to describe cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in naturally infected dogs with chronic Chagas disease and the frequency of abnormalities for CMR and cardiac diagnostic tests. Ten asymptomatic, client-owned dogs seropositive for were prospectively enrolled in an observational study evaluating echocardiography, ECG (standard and ambulatory), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and CMR.