Brugada Syndrome and Kawasaki Disease in a Two-Year-Old: A Case of Double Jeopardy.

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a genetic channelopathy that may predispose to ventricular arrhythmia. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant pattern with incomplete penetrance. Fever can unmask Brugada syndrome in children who have a genetic predisposition.

Hair Cortisol Concentrations in Opioid-Exposed versus Nonexposed Mother-Infant Dyads.

Objective: To pilot measurement of hair cortisol concentration (HCC) in pregnant women with opioid use disorder and their infants over time and study the potential utility of hair cortisol as a biomarker of chronic stress in this population.

Study Design: In this pilot prospective cohort study of mother-infant dyads with and without prenatal opioid exposure, we obtained mother-infant HCCs at delivery and again within 1 to 3 months' postpartum. HCCs were compared between the opioid and control groups and between the two time points.

National Provider Survey: Use of Naltrexone for Pregnant Individuals with Substance Use Disorders.

Objectives: A national survey evaluated the availability of naltrexone as a treatment for alcohol use disorder and/or opioid use disorder for pregnant individuals. Provider perceptions of barriers to treatment with naltrexone during pregnancy were also examined.

Methods: Sites were selected from a national registry of naltrexone prescribers (N = 5208).

Comparison of Anti-SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibody Signatures in Maternal and Infant Blood after COVID-19 Infection versus COVID-19 Vaccination during Pregnancy.

Objective: The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine for pregnant persons to prevent severe illness and death. The objective was to examine levels of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG, IgM, and IgA against spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid protein (NCP) in maternal and infant/cord blood at delivery after COVID 19 vaccination compared with SARS-CoV-2 infection at in mother-infant dyads at specified time points.

Study Design: Mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection ( = 31) or COVID-19 vaccination ( = 25) during pregnancy were enrolled between July 2020 and November 2021.

Cytokine levels in maternal and infant blood after COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy in comparison with unvaccinated controls.

The objective of this study was to compare maternal and infant cytokine profiles at delivery among those vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy to unvaccinated controls. Mother-infant dyads were enrolled in this prospective cohort study, and maternal blood and infant and/or cord blood collected. Samples were analyzed utilizing a LEGENDplex 13-plex human anti-viral response cytokine panel.

Maternal, Infant, and Breast Milk Antibody Response Following COVID-19 Infection in Early Versus Late Gestation.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)] infection at varying time points during the pregnancy can influence antibody levels after delivery. We aimed to examine SARS-CoV-2 IgG, IgM and IgA receptor binding domain of the spike protein and nucleocapsid protein (N-protein) reactive antibody concentrations in maternal blood, infant blood and breastmilk at birth and 6 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection in early versus late gestation.

Methods: Mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy were enrolled between July 2020 and May 2021.

The impact of maternal SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and first trimester infection on feto-maternal immune responses.

Problem: COVID-19 infection during pregnancy increases maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Infection in the second or third trimester leads to changes in the decidual leukocyte populations. However, it is not known whether COVID-19 infection in the first trimester or COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy alters the decidual immune environment.

Buprenorphine-naloxone Versus Buprenorphine for Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnancy.

Objectives: Data regarding treatment outcomes with the use of buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX) in pregnancy are scarce. The objective of this study is to examine the outcomes in a cohort of pregnancies treated with BUP-NX versus buprenorphine (BUP).

Methods: This single-center, retrospective cohort study examined birthing person-infant dyads treated with BUP-NX versus BUP.

Evaluation of maternal-infant dyad inflammatory cytokines in pregnancies affected by maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in early and late gestation.

Objective: SARS-CoV-2 infection induces significant inflammatory cytokine production in adults, but infant cytokine signatures in pregnancies affected by maternal SARS-CoV-2 are less well characterized. We aimed to evaluate cytokine profiles of mothers and their infants following COVID-19 in pregnancy.

Study Design: Serum samples at delivery from 31 mother-infant dyads with maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy (COVID) were examined in comparison to 29 control dyads (Control).

Decidual immune response following COVID-19 during pregnancy varies by timing of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection.

While COVID-19 infection during pregnancy is common, fetal transmission is rare, suggesting that intrauterine mechanisms form an effective blockade against SARS-CoV-2. Key among these is the decidual immune environment of the placenta. We hypothesize that decidual leukocytes are altered by maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy and that this decidual immune response is shaped by the timing of infection during gestation.

SARS-CoV-2 in infant urine and fecal samples after in utero COVID-19 exposure.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic that has and will continue to affect many pregnant women. Knowledge regarding the risk of vertical transmission is limited. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal swabs typically have been used to confirm the diagnosis among infants, but whether the virus can be detected in other biological specimens, and therefore potentially transmitted in other ways, is unknown.

Placental DNA methylation and associations with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, a pilot study.

Aims: Epigenetic variation of DNA methylation of the mu-opioid receptor gene () has been identified in the blood and saliva of individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) and infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). It is unknown whether epigenetic variation in exists within placental tissue in women with OUD and whether it is associated with NOWS outcomes. In this pilot study, the authors aimed to 1) examine the association between placental DNA methylation levels and NOWS outcomes, and 2) compare methylation levels in opioid-exposed non-exposed control placentas.

Differential Expression of Rab5 and Rab7 Small GTPase Proteins in Placental Tissues From Pregnancies Affected by Maternal Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Purpose: The majority of pregnancies affected by maternal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) do not result in fetal transmission. However, several studies have identified parenchymal changes in their placental tissues, suggesting a placental response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at the maternal-fetal interface. Although many COVID-19 placental studies have focused on the expression of the canonical SARS-CoV-2 entry proteins angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2, further characterization of subcellular molecules involved in viral trafficking have not yet been investigated in these tissues.

AKI Treated with Renal Replacement Therapy in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19.

Background: AKI is a common sequela of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, few studies have focused on AKI treated with RRT (AKI-RRT).

Methods: We conducted a multicenter cohort study of 3099 critically ill adults with COVID-19 admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) at 67 hospitals across the United States.

Pilot Study Comparing Adverse Cardiorespiratory Events among Pharmacologically and Nonpharmacologically Treated Infants Undergoing Monitoring for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome.

There is variation in cardiorespiratory monitoring practices for neonatal abstinence syndrome. We examined the incidence of cardiorespiratory adverse events in infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome who were treated or nontreated pharmacologically. Eight (10%) in the nontreated and 23 (19%) in the treated group experienced adverse events.