The Impact of Limited English Proficiency on Healthcare Access and Outcomes in the U.S.: A Scoping Review.

A majority of individuals with limited English proficiency (LEP) in the U.S. are foreign-born, creating a complex intersection of language, socio-economic, and policy barriers to healthcare access and achieving good outcomes.

Adolescent loneliness across the world and its relation to school climate, national culture and academic performance.

Background: Loneliness during adolescence has adverse consequences for mental health, education and employment outcomes. Yet, we know little about common correlates of loneliness among adolescents, making intervention work difficult.

Aims: In this study, we (1) explore individual-, school- and country-level correlates of loneliness to help identify potential intervention targets, and (2) examine the influence of loneliness on academic performance.

Loneliness During the School Years: How It Affects Learning and How Schools Can Help.

Background: Substantial evidence links loneliness to poor academic outcomes and poor employment prospects. Schools have been shown to be places that mitigate or aggravate loneliness, suggesting a need to consider how schools can better support youth experiencing loneliness.

Methods: We conducted a narrative review on loneliness in childhood and adolescence to examine the literature on how loneliness changes over the school years and how it influences learning.

Temporary Assistance For Needy Families: Sanctioning And Child Support Compliance Among Black Families In Illinois.

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) is a federal cash welfare program for low-income, working families with children in the United States that requires participation with child support enforcement, if one parent is noncustodial, to receive the cash benefit. Cash assistance has been linked to improved child health and academic achievement, but sanctions to benefits can increase health risks. Our community-engaged, mixed-methods research project sought to identify barriers to TANF among families with young children in Illinois.

Computationally designed GPCR quaternary structures bias signaling pathway activation.

Communication across membranes controls critical cellular processes and is achieved by receptors translating extracellular signals into selective cytoplasmic responses. While receptor tertiary structures can be readily characterized, receptor associations into quaternary structures are challenging to study and their implications in signal transduction remain poorly understood. Here, we report a computational approach for predicting receptor self-associations, and designing receptor oligomers with various quaternary structures and signaling properties.

Essential strategies and tactics for managing sickle cell disease.

Key to patients' well-being is the family physician's watchfulness-through periodic lab testing and health checks and diligent application of preventive measures.

Social Media Use Among Academic Hand Surgeons.

Purpose: Social media has become increasingly prevalent among the general population in the past decade. We examined the current prevalence of social media use among academic orthopedic-trained and plastic surgery-trained hand surgeons in the United States.

Methods: All publicly available hand surgery faculty across the nation were analyzed for their public social media usage, including Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and personal websites.

Selective Ulnar Nerve Decompression, Capsular Branch Denervation, and Arthroscopic Debridement as a Unique Technique to Improve Quality of Life for Avascular Necrosis of the Distal Humerus and Radius in a Young Patient With ALL.

Avascular necrosis (AVN), one of the most common therapy-related and debilitating side effects of antileukemic treatment, can adversely affect a patient's long-term quality of life. Our case study presents a young woman with bilateral elbow AVN and hip AVN after acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment, with a unique treatment strategy for her elbow pain. The treatment strategy included elbow joint denervation with arthroscopic debridement and distal humerus core decompression.

Geospatial Inefficiencies Associated With Digital Replantations at High-Volume Centers and Optimal Allocation Model for Centralization of Replantations.

Purpose: Digit replantation can improve dexterity, functionality, patient satisfaction, and pain following amputation, but rates continue to fall nationally. This study aimed to describe the effects of travel time and distance as barriers to high-volume hospitals, identify geospatial inefficiencies in the presentation of patients to replantation care, and provide an optimal allocation model in which cases are redistributed to select centers to reduce geospatial redundancies and optimize outcomes.

Methods: We reviewed the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development hospital discharge database to identify cases of digital amputation and determine outcomes of replantation.

Mapping CRISPR-Cas9 public and commercial innovation using The Lens institutional toolkit.

CRISPR-Cas9 is a revolutionary technology because it is precise, fast and easy to implement, cheap and components are readily accessible. This versatility means that the technology can deliver a timely end product and can be used by many stakeholders. In plant cells, the technology can be applied to knockout genes by using CRISPR-Cas nucleases that can alter coding gene regions or regulatory elements, alter precisely a genome by base editing to delete or regulate gene expression, edit precisely a genome by homology-directed repair mechanism (cellular DNA), or regulate transcriptional machinery by using dead Cas proteins to recruit regulators to the promoter region of a gene.

Hydrodynamic Attractors in Phase Space.

Hydrodynamic attractors have recently gained prominence in the context of early stages of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions at the RHIC and LHC. We critically examine the existing ideas on this subject from a phase space point of view. In this picture the hydrodynamic attractor can be seen as a special case of the more general phenomenon of dynamical dimensionality reduction of phase space regions.

Panniculectomy: Practical Pearls and Pitfalls.

Panniculectomy is an increasingly common operation, given the current obesity epidemic and the increasing prevalence of bariatric surgery. At first glance, it could be considered a technically simple operation; however, this procedure can be fraught with complications, given the patient population and high demands placed on compromised abdominal tissue. Sufficient attention must be given to the nuances of patient optimization and surgical planning to maximize safe and ideal outcomes.

DNAJC6 Mutations Disrupt Dopamine Homeostasis in Juvenile Parkinsonism-Dystonia.

Background: Juvenile forms of parkinsonism are rare conditions with onset of bradykinesia, tremor and rigidity before the age of 21 years. These atypical presentations commonly have a genetic aetiology, highlighting important insights into underlying pathophysiology. Genetic defects may affect key proteins of the endocytic pathway and clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), as in DNAJC6-related juvenile parkinsonism.

Modest and variable efficacy of pre-exposure hydroxocobalamin and dicobalt edetate in a porcine model of acute cyanide salt poisoning.

Dicobalt edetate and hydroxocobalamin are widely used to treat hydrogen cyanide poisoning. However, comparative and quantitative efficacy data are lacking. Although post-exposure treatment is typical, it may be possible to administer these antidotes before exposure to first attenders entering a known site of cyanide release, as supplementary protection to their personal protective equipment.

Path Integral Optimization as Circuit Complexity.

Early efforts to understand complexity in field theory have primarily employed a geometric approach based on the concept of circuit complexity in quantum information theory. In a parallel vein, it has been proposed that certain deformations of the Euclidean path integral that prepare a given operator or state may provide an alternative definition, whose connection to the standard notion of complexity is less apparent. In this Letter, we bridge the gap between these two proposals in two-dimensional conformal field theories, by explicitly showing how the latter approach from path integral optimization may be given by a concrete realization within the standard gate counting framework.

Acellular Dermal Matrices: Applications in Plastic Surgery.

Modern advances in tissue engineering have transformed the plastic surgeon's management strategies across a wide variety of applications. Comprehension of the fundamentals of biologic constructs is critical to navigating the available armamentarium. It is essential that plastic surgeons become familiar with some of the existing methods for utilizing biologics as well as the advantages and limitations to their use.

In a mental-health care setting, can nature conservation and health priorities align?

There is growing evidence that activities in nature could meet both health and nature conservation goals. Consequently, there is growing interest in collaborations between health and nature conservation organizations. However, interdisciplinary teamwork and collaborations risk failing through lack of common understanding and awareness of desired outcomes.

Topical timolol treatment for periocular infantile haemangioma in the developing world.

Infantile haemangioma is a relatively common benign tumour which often does not require treatment. We present a case of a segmental infantile haemangioma with periocular involvement impacting on early visual development which was successfully treated with topical timolol maleate 0.5% drops in the developing world.

Complexity as a Novel Probe of Quantum Quenches: Universal Scalings and Purifications.

We apply the recently developed notion of complexity for field theory to a quantum quench through a critical point in 1+1 dimensions. We begin with a toy model consisting of a quantum harmonic oscillator, and show that complexity exhibits universal scalings in both the slow and fast quench regimes. We then generalize our results to a one-dimensional harmonic chain, and show that preservation of these scaling behaviors in free field theory depends on the choice of norm.

Optimal Pain Control in Abdominal Wall Reconstruction.

Lack of physician familiarity with alternative pain control strategies is a major reason why opioids remain the most commonly used first-line treatment for pain after surgery. This is perhaps most problematic in abdominal wall reconstruction, where opioids may delay ambulation and return of bowel function, while negatively affecting mental status. In this article, we discuss multimodal strategies for optimal pain control in abdominal wall reconstruction.