Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument for Adults (BackPEI-A): Updating and an online application.

Introduction: Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument for Adults (BackPEI-A) lags the most recent literature, as it does not assess issues related to activity increasingly present in the daily lives of people of all ages.

Purpose: (1) to update the BackPEI-A by including four new questions regarding the use of mobile devices; (2) to present a new graphic design of the issues related to back and neck pain to facilitate understanding of the location of these pains; (3) to test the content validity and the reliability of the new questions; and (4) to identify whether the BackPEI-A version in online form has adequate reliability.

Methods: The content validation by evaluation of eight experts, and the reliability of the new questions and of the online version were assessed.

Neck Strength in Coronal and Sagittal Head Movement in Military Pilots and Aircrew With Chronic Neck Pain: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to assess whether there is a difference in neck strength between military pilots and aircrew with and without chronic neck pain.

Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched. Two independent reviewers selected relevant full articles comparing neck strength between military pilots and aircrew with and without chronic neck pain.

Risk Factors for Back Pain among Southern Brazilian School Children: A 6-Year Prospective Cohort Study.

Risk factors associated with back pain vary in different countries. Given the lack of studies in Latin America, our study aimed to assess back pain and its associated factors for six years in Southern Brazilian school children. All children attending the fifth grade of Teutônia, Brazil, were invited to participate in the study.

Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument for Children and Adolescents (BackPEI-CA): Expansion, Content Validation, and Reliability.

The Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument (BackPEI) was created in 2013 to assess back pain and its risk factors in school children. However, it does not assess neck pain or the habits of mobile device usage, which are aspects that are often part of school children's lives. Therefore, we aimed to update the BackPEI questionnaire to include new questions assessing aspects related to neck pain and the use of mobile devices and to test the content validity and reliability of the new questions.

Construct validity and reliability of tests for sacroiliac dysfunction: standing flexion test (STFT) and sitting flexion test (SIFT).

Context: Sacroiliac dysfunction is characterized by a hypomobility of the range of motion of the joint, followed by a positional change regarding the relationship between the sacrum and the iliac. In general, the clinical tests that evaluate the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) and its dysfunctions lack validity and reliability values.

Objectives: This article aims to evaluate the construct validity and intra- and inter-rater reliability of the standing flexion test (STFT) and sitting flexion test (SIFT).

Repeatability and reproducibility of the pressure biofeedback unit.

Introduction: Although the pressure biofeedback unit (PBU) is used for muscular assessment and training, there is little evidence of its reproducibility and repeatability.

Objective: This study aims to assess intra- and inter-rater reproducibility and repeatability of the PBU in the assessment of the transverse abdominal (TrA), internal oblique (IO), low back multifidi, and deep neck flexors (DNF).

Methods: Fifty individuals had three muscular groups tested: TrA/IO, lower back multifidi, and DNF.

Back pain and its risk factors in Brazilian adolescents: a longitudinal study.

Owing to the lack of longitudinal studies in Latin American countries, we aimed to evaluate back pain and its risk factors in a 3-year longitudinal study of Brazilian adolescents. We analysed data of 525 adolescents (aged 11-16 years) attending primary school (fifth to eighth grade) in Brazil. The students were administered the self-reported Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument (BackPEI) questionnaire in 2011 and at a follow-up evaluation that was conducted 3 years later (2014).

Validation of a Mathematical Procedure for the Cobb Angle Assessment Based on Photogrammetry.

Objective: This prospective study aimed to assess the concurrent validity and diagnostic accuracy of a mathematical procedure for measurement of the spinal inclination angle, analogous to the Cobb angle, by means of photogrammetry.

Methods: Sixty-one subjects (aged 7 to 18 years), male and female, underwent radiographic (Cobb angle) and photogrammetric (DIPA [Digital Image-based Postural Assessment] angle) evaluations. The measurement of spinal inclination angle obtained through photogrammetry followed the Digital Image-Based Postural Assessment software protocol.

Back pain attitudes questionnaire: Cross-cultural adaptation to brazilian-portuguese and measurement properties.

Background: The Back Pain Attitudes Questionnaire (Back-PAQ) was developed to evaluate attitudes and beliefs of the general public, people with back pain, and healthcare professionals about the spine.

Objectives: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Back-PAQ (34-item and 10-item versions) into Brazilian-Portuguese (Back-PAQ-Br) and test its measurement properties in a Brazilian sample.

Methods: The cross-cultural adaptation and testing of the measurement properties followed the recommendations of international guidelines.

Concurrent Validity of Digital Image-based Postural Assessment as a Method for Measuring Thoracic Kyphosis: A Cross-Sectional Study of Healthy Adults.

Objective: To analyze the concurrent validity of the Digital Image-based Postural Assessment (DIPA) method for identifying the magnitude and classification of thoracic kyphosis in adults.

Methodology: On the same day and in the same place, thoracic kyphosis was assessed in 68 adults using 2 methods: the DIPA software protocol and radiography. The DIPA software provided angular values of thoracic kyphosis based on trigonometric relations, while with the radiograph, the curvature was calculated using the Cobb method.

Effects of Kinesio Taping on scapular kinematics and electromyographic activity in subjects with shoulder impingement syndrome.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Kinesio Taping® (KT) on scapular kinematics and electromyographic (EMG) activity in subjects with shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS).

Methods: Twenty subjects with a diagnosis of SIS performed abduction, scaption, and flexion movements in two load conditions: (1) without load and (2) holding a dumbbell. The same movements were evaluated again with the use of KT over the deltoid muscle with a 20% tension.

Cardiorespiratory Adaptation to Pilates Training.

Several authors report health improvements with training based on the Pilates Method; however, no explicit analysis has been performed on cardiorespiratory effects after Method exclusive training. : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 15 weeks of Pilates training on cardiorespiratory fitness in young, sedentary women. : A total of 13 sedentary women 21-35 years volunteered and signed an informed consent for the observational study of a single group, performing control-test, pre- and post-exercise measurements.

Validation of the Measurement of the Angle of Trunk Rotation in Photogrammetry.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to validate the photogrammetric measurement of the angle of trunk rotation in relation to the scoliometer instrument.

Methods: Fifty-eight prominences from individuals with ages between 7 and 18 and with suspicion of spinal asymmetry (SA) were evaluated through the scoliometer and photogrammetry. The photographs were analyzed in the Digital Image-based Postural Assessment software.

Portable, One-Dimensional, Trunk-Flexor Muscle Strength Measurement System.

Trunk-flexor muscle strength plays a fundamental role in athletic performance, but objective measurements are usually obtained using expensive and nonportable equipment, such as isokinetic dynamometers. The aim of this study was to assess the concurrent validity of a portable, one-dimensional, trunk-flexor muscle strength measurement system (Measurement System) that uses calibrated barbells and the reliability of the measurements obtained using the Measurement System, by conducting test-retests. As a complementary assessment, the measurements obtained during a maximum contraction test performed by a group of 15 subjects were also recorded.

Individuals With Chronic Neck Pain Have Lower Neck Strength Than Healthy Controls: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.

Objective: The aim is to verify whether there is difference in neck strength between healthy individuals and individuals with chronic neck pain.

Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched. Two independent reviewers selected relevant full articles comparing neck strength between healthy individuals and individuals with chronic neck pain.

Repeatability and Reproducibility of Postural Variables by Photogrammetry.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the reliability of postural variables analyzed by photogrammetry obtained at different instances on the same day and between 2 different days.

Methods: A sample composed of 24 healthy adult individuals of both sexes was submitted to photogrammetric postural assessment. From 35 seconds of filming, 7 photographs (of time instance at 0 second, 05 seconds, 10 seconds, 15 seconds, 20 seconds, 25 seconds, and 30 seconds) were extracted and digitalized on digital image-based postural assessment software.

Duration and sequence of muscular activation in dentate individuals and complete denture wearers during simulation of activities of daily living.

Occlusal support may influence muscular function during complex motor tasks. This study evaluated the duration and sequence of muscular activation of masticatory (temporal, masseter), postural head/neck (sternocleidomastoid, trapezius), postural trunk (rectus abdominis, paravertebrals), and low extremity strength (rectus femoris, gastrocnemius) muscles during simulation of activities of daily living (ADL) in edentulous women wearing complete dentures (n = 10) and in dentate women (n = 10). Electromyographic activity was recorded during tests of stand-up/sit down in the Chair, sit up/lie down in the Bed and lift/lower Bags.

Sauté External Rotation in Beginner and Advanced Ballet Dancers Trained in Different Backgrounds The Turnout Paradigm.

This study compared lower limb external rotation kinematic patterns during sautés in first position in beginners and experienced ballet dancers with various training backgrounds. The ability to attain a perfect turnout is traditionally thought to be a fundamental aspect of classical ballet, and turnout is identified in the literature as one of the leading causes of dance-related injuries and technical limitations among dancers. Twenty-eight ballet dancers of different technical levels and methods (three groups) were assessed.

A New Version of the MADAAMI Method for Assessing Lower Limb Alignment During Demi-Plié, Grand Plié, and Fondu.

The MADAAMI (Método de Avaliação Dinâmica do Alinhamento Articular dos Membros Inferiores-Dynamic Evaluation Method of Lower Limb Joint Alignment) is an instrument that has been developed and validated with the aim of providing direct, simple, and practical support for the identification of compensations and misalignments of joints. The first version of the instrument had some limitations. The goals of the present study are to update the instrument (MADAAMI-II), evaluate its content validity, and verify inter-rater and intra-rater reproducibility during the execution of demi-plié, grand plié, and fondu in two turnout positions of classical ballet (120° and self-reported) and in parallel foot position.

Pilates instruction affects stability and muscle recruitment during the long stretch exercise.

Purpose: To examine pelvic stability with and without instruction regarding the voluntary recruitment of the 'powerhouse' muscles during a long stretch exercise on the Pilates Reformer.

Scope: Evaluation of the muscle activity and pelvic stability during a Pilates exercise of 12 physically active volunteers. Volunteers performed five repetitions of the long stretch in sets of two, one with and one without instruction regarding the voluntary recruitment of the powerhouse muscles.

Comparison of low back mobility and stability exercises from Pilates in non-specific low back pain: A study protocol of a randomized controlled trial.

Background: There is some evidence in the literature about the effectiveness of the Pilates methods in the low back pain. Moreover, Pilates focus on exercises that empathizes the stability and/or mobility of the spine. Therefore, it is discussed in the literature whether higher levels of stability or mobility of the lumbar spine generates better results, both in performance and rehabilitation for low back pain.

Accuracy of a Radiological Evaluation Method for Thoracic and Lumbar Spinal Curvatures Using Spinous Processes.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess a radiographic method for spinal curvature evaluation in children, based on spinous processes, and identify its normality limits.

Methods: The sample consisted of 90 radiographic examinations of the spines of children in the sagittal plane. Thoracic and lumbar curvatures were evaluated using angular (apex angle [AA]) and linear (sagittal arrow [SA]) measurements based on the spinous processes.

Development and Validation of Prediction Equations for Spinal Curve Angles Based on Skin Surface Measurements.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop, assess the reliability of, and validate prediction equations that estimate the sagittal curves of the spine from the skin surface.

Methods: Forty digital panoramic radiographs were used to develop the prediction equation, and 59 radiographs were used to assess reliability and validate the equations. For evaluation of the thoracic and lumbar curves, anatomical reference points were marked on the vertebral body, spinous process, and skin surface at the C6, C7, T2, T4, T6, T8, T10, T12, L2, L4, and S2 vertebrae.

Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument for Adults: Expansion and Reproducibility.

Background: The BackPEI questionnaire was developed and validated just exclusively to evaluate children.

Aims: To propose, validate, and test the reproducibility of an expanded version of the Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument (BackPEI), originally designed to assess back pain in school-aged children, for use with adults.

Design: Validation Study.

The Validity and Reproducibility of the Flexicurve in the Evaluation of Cervical Spine Lordosis.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure the validity and reliability of flexicurve measurements of cervical curvature in the sagittal plane in adults.

Methods: One hundred thirteen adults were assessed in the seated position with flexicurve radiographs. Two groups were measured: (1) the validity group (n = 55), and (2) the reliability group (n = 58).