Quantitative SHINERS analysis of temporal changes in the passive layer at a gold electrode surface in a thiosulfate solution.

Shell-isolated gold nanoparticles (SHINs) were employed to record shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectra (SHINERS) of a passive layer formed at a gold surface during gold leaching from thiosulfate solutions. The (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) and a sodium silicate solution were used to coat gold nanoparticles with a protective silica layer. This protective silica layer prevented interactions between the thiosulfate electrolyte and the gold core of the SHINs when the SHINs-modified gold electrode was immersed into the thiosulfate lixiviant.

Direct visualization of the alamethicin pore formed in a planar phospholipid matrix.

We present direct visualization of pores formed by alamethicin (Alm) in a matrix of phospholipids using electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM). High-resolution EC-STM images show individual peptide molecules forming channels. The channels are not dispersed randomly in the monolayer but agglomerate forming 2D nanocrystals with a hexagonal lattice in which the average channel-channel distance is 1.

Plasma free amino acid kinetics in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using a bolus injection of 15N-labeled amino acids.

To gain insight into the metabolic design of the amino acid carrier systems in fish, we injected a bolus of (15)N amino acids into the dorsal aorta in mature rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The plasma kinetic parameters including concentration, pool size, rate of disappearance (R(d)), half-life and turnover rate were determined for 15 amino acids. When corrected for metabolic rate, the R(d) values obtained for trout for most amino acids were largely comparable to human values, with the exception of glutamine (which was lower) and threonine (which was higher).