A phase I study of the ceramide nanoliposome in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Purpose: Ceramide is a sphingolipid metabolite that deactivates multiple oncogenic signaling pathways and promotes cell death. In-vivo data demonstrate single-agent anti-cancer activity and enhanced efficacy with combination strategies. This phase I dose-escalation trial evaluated Ceramide nanoLiposomes (CNL) in patients with advanced solid tumors and no standard treatment option.

Siltation negatively affects settlement and gaping behaviour in eastern oysters.

While high levels of siltation are known to be deleterious to eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica), the collective effect of suspended and bedded sediment is understudied from the perspective of oyster farming and bed restoration. In this study, we used laboratory experiments to explore spat settlement rates on a wild bed proxy substrate (i.e.

Bayesian risk assessment model of human cryptosporidiosis cases following consumption of raw Eastern oysters () contaminated with oocysts in the Hillsborough River system in Prince Edward Island, Canada.

spp. has been associated with foodborne infectious disease outbreaks; however, it is unclear to what extent raw oyster consumption poses a risk to public health. Control of in shellfish harvest seawater in Canada is not mandatory and, despite relay/depuration processes, the parasite can remain viable in oysters for at least a month (depending on initial loads and seawater characteristics).

The Application of a Mathematical Model to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Control Strategies Against in Mussel Production.

The Prince Edward Island (PEI) mussel industry has faced challenges associated with invasive tunicate species over the past two decades. Field experiments to find suitable mitigation strategies require considerable time and are resource intensive. This study demonstrates the application of a mathematical model to assess several control strategies against populations under different temperature conditions in a mussel production area in PEI.

Refining the tethering of American oysters (Crassostrea virginica) to measure the effects of two environmental stressors.

Tethering assays, or the physical restraint of test organisms, has been used in the past to measure selected organisms' response to stressors while removing the observer from the experimental setting. Although informative for monitoring and hypothesis testing, these assays often used microfilaments that have been found to be too invasive or prone to biases given their effects on test organisms' behavior. Here, we describe a new variation of tethering using American oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and illustrate its use in the study of their mortality rates as a result of two stressors: siltation and predation by a non-indigenous species.

Non-indigenous predators threaten ecosystem engineers: Interactive effects of green crab and oyster size on American oyster mortality.

Non-indigenous green crabs (Carcinus maenas) are emerging as important predators of autogenic engineers like American oysters (Crassostrea virginica) throughout the eastern seaboard of Canada and the United States. To document the spreading distribution of green crabs, we carried out surveys in seven sites of Prince Edward Island during three fall seasons. To assess the potential impact of green crabs on oyster mortality in relation to predator and prey size, we conducted multiple predator-prey manipulations in the field and laboratory.

Determining brain fitness to fight: Has the time come?

Professional boxing is associated with a risk of chronic neurological injury, with up to 20-50% of former boxers exhibiting symptoms of chronic brain injury. Chronic traumatic brain injury encompasses a spectrum of disorders that are associated with long-term consequences of brain injury and remains the most difficult safety challenge in modern-day boxing. Despite these concerns, traditional guidelines used for return to sport participation after concussion are inconsistently applied in boxing.

Evidence-based tool surpasses expert opinion in predicting probability of eradication of aquatic nonindigenous species.

The main objective of evidence-based management is to promote use of scientific data in the decision-making process of managers, with data either complementing or replacing expert knowledge. It is expected that this will increase the efficiency of environmental interventions. However, the relative accuracy and precision of evidence-based tools and expert knowledge has seldom been evaluated.

Preclinical development of a C6-ceramide NanoLiposome, a novel sphingolipid therapeutic.

Despite the therapeutic potential of sphingolipids, the ability to develop this class of compounds as active pharmaceutical ingredients has been hampered by issues of solubility and delivery. Beyond these technical hurdles, significant challenges in completing the necessary preclinical studies to support regulatory review are necessary for commercialization. This review seeks to identify the obstacles and potential solutions in the translation of a novel liposomal technology from the academic bench to investigational new drug (IND) stage by discussing the preclinical development of the Ceramide NanoLiposome (CNL), which is currently being developed as an anticancer drug for the initial indication of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Chronic wound repair and healing in older adults: current status and future research.

Older adults are more likely to have chronic wounds than younger people, and the effect of chronic wounds on quality of life is particularly profound in this population. Wound healing slows with age, but the basic biology underlying chronic wounds and the influence of age-associated changes on wound healing are poorly understood. Most studies have used in vitro approaches and various animal models, but observed changes translate poorly to human healing conditions.

Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli in oysters and mussels from Atlantic Canada.

Acquiring antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria through consuming contaminated animal food products is an emerging public health concern, though the sources of contamination are not always clear. This study characterized the occurrence of AMR in Escherichia coli from bivalve molluscs and assessed for the possible sources in the Hillsborough river complex of Prince Edward Island, Canada in areas overlapping with an oyster fishery. Multivariable statistical analysis indicated that the probability of detecting E.

Chronic wound repair and healing in older adults: current status and future research.

The incidence of chronic wounds is increased among older adults, and the impact of chronic wounds on quality of life is particularly profound in this population. It is well established that wound healing slows with age. However, the basic biology underlying chronic wounds and the influence of age-associated changes on wound healing are poorly understood.

Static tank depuration and chronic short-term experimental contamination of Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) with Giardia duodenalis cysts.

Cysts of the protozoan parasite Giardia have been detected in many bivalve shellfish species worldwide. The detection of zoonotic Giardia duodenalis assemblages A and B is of public health concern, yet there is limited data available demonstrating the bioaccumulation and elimination of Giardia cysts in bivalve shellfish. This study quantified G.

Bioaccumulation and elimination of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in experimentally exposed Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) held in static tank aquaria.

A variety of human enteropathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites, have been shown to bioaccumulate in suspension-feeding bivalve shellfish. Cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic protozoan parasite that has been detected in many shellfish species within both fecally contaminated and clean oyster growing areas across the globe. For this study, C.

Aquaculture fouling: Efficacy of potassium monopersulphonate triple salt based disinfectant (Virkon® Aquatic) against Ciona intestinalis.

With the increasing spread of invasive marine species and their detrimental effects on aquaculture operations globally, mitigation strategies need to be optimized to mitigate economic impacts. The efficacy of a potassium monopersulphonate triple salt based disinfectant used in the aquaculture industry (Virkon® Aquatic at 0.5-5%) was evaluated against the solitary tunicate Ciona intestinalis, as well as the susceptibility of three different age groups of C.

Diagnosing PNH with FLAER and multiparameter flow cytometry.

Background: PNH is an acquired hematopoietic stem cell disorder leading to a partial or absolute deficiency of all glycophosphatidyl-inositol (GPI)-linked proteins. The classical approach to diagnosis of PNH by cytometry involves the loss of at least two GPI-linked antigens on RBCs and neutrophils. While flow assays are more sensitive and specific than complement-mediated lysis or the Hams test, they suffer from several drawbacks.

Physiologic properties of small intestine submucosa.

Background: Porcine small intestine submucosa (SiS) has been introduced as a bioprosthesis in herniorrhaphy. This study evaluates in vivo properties of SiS that would affect clinical use.

Materials And Methods: Twelve pigs underwent implantation of SiS (perforated and nonperforated) on the peritoneal surface.